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AS Level Psychology The core studies

AS Level Psychology The core studies. Cognitive Approach. Eye Witness Testimony. Eye Witness Testimony. The study of human memory is a research area in COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Eye witness testimony involves memory! . How reliable is your MEMORY?. Class memory activities!.

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AS Level Psychology The core studies

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  1. AS Level PsychologyThe core studies Cognitive Approach

  2. Eye Witness Testimony

  3. Eye Witness Testimony • The study of human memory is a research area in COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY • Eye witness testimony involves memory!

  4. How reliable is your MEMORY? • Class memory activities!

  5. EYE WITNESS TESTIMONY? • Elizabeth Loftus & Palmer • TESTED • The reliability of eye witness testimony • Can the memory of an event be changed by the way witnesses are questioned? • The effect of leading questions

  6. LOFTUS & PALMER • Class discussion: • What is a leading question ? • Do we agree that • Memory is NOT like a camera - we always reconstruct our memories

  7. LOFTUS& PALMER • The title of their paper was: • The reconstruction of an automobile destruction • Their research involved TWO experiments

  8. LOFTUS & PALMER Experiment 1 • The participants - 45 students • The procedure - Students watched film clips of car accidents • After watching the films the students were asked to do TWO things

  9. LOFTUS & PALMER Experiment 1 • Write an account of what they had seen • Answer questions about what they had seen • One question was the CRITICAL QUESTION

  10. LOFTUS & PALMER Experiment 1 • THE CRITICAL QUESTION • About how fast were the cars going when they (*******) each other • There were five conditions (verbs) in the experiment (Five groups of students)

  11. LOFTUS & PALMER Experiment 1 • The five conditions (verbs) were • CONTACTED • HIT • BUMPED • COLLIDED • SMASHED

  12. LOFTUS & PALMER Experiment 1 • The findings

  13. LOFTUS & PALMER Experiment 1 • What conclusion can you draw from the findings? • What was the IV? • What was the DV?

  14. EYE WITNESS TESTIMONY The second experiment by Loftus & Palmer

  15. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • The participants - 150 students • The procedure - Students watched a one minute film which showed a 4 second multiple car accident

  16. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • After the film • The participants were divided into • THREE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS

  17. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • GROUP 1 was asked • How fast were the cars going when they HIT each other?

  18. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • GROUP 2 was asked • How fast were the cars going when they SMASHED INTO each other?

  19. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • GROUP 3 was asked • NO QUESTION about the speed of the cars

  20. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • ONE WEEK LATER • The participants returned and were asked more questions • Including the critical question • Did you see any broken glass?

  21. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • The findings • Which group saw more broken glass?

  22. LOFTUS & PALMER - Experiment 2 • What was the DV in the second experiment? • What conclusion can you draw from the findings?

  23. LOFTUS & PALMER • Was this research in any way unethical? • Did this research have ECOLOGICAL validity? • Was this a repeated measures design? • or • An independent measures design?

  24. LOFTUS & PALMER • Read the study • In your general text, read up on what psychologists say about human memory • According to Loftus & Palmer (in the 2nd experiment) how did the leading question ‘change’ the memory ?

  25. Eye Witness testimony • Do you think that UNSUPPORTED EYE WITNESS TESTIMONY should be sufficient evidence upon which to convict someone?

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