EDUCATION for SCIENCE-GIFTED STUDENTS IN KOREA

1. AASA-FASAS Workshop October 10, 2009 Dhaka, Bangladesh EDUCATION for SCIENCE-GIFTED STUDENTS IN KOREA Sung-Chul Shin, Ph.D.Chair Professor, KAIST Director, International Affairs Division, KAST Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

2. Contents  WhySci.-Gifted Education ?  Human Resources in 21C  KAS: Sci.-Gifted H.S.  KAIST: Higher Education  KAST: Mentor Program  Summary Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

3. Global Standing of Korea • Korea is a unique country that achieved industrialization, democratization, informatization, and globalization all in a short period of a half century. • In particular, economic growth during this period is phenomenal : Increase of 600-times GDP and • 250-times per capital GDP • Overall, Korea now joins the rank of world’s top 10 counties: National GDP: 15th [929B US$(’08)] • Annual Export: 12th [422B US$(’08)] • S&T competitiveness :11th [RAND Report(‘06)] • “Miracle of Han River”, a role-model country for underdeveloped or developing countries. Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

4. Challenges for Korea in 21C Scientific Challenge: • To upgrade the quality of research without sacrificing • the quantity of research. • World-ranking in no. of publications [35,569(’08)]: 12th/186 countries • World-ranking in no. of citations [3.28(’08)]: 30th/186 countries • To transform from the fast follower after S&T in the advanced countries to the creative originator to lead • S&T in the some competitive fields. • Eventually, to produce the world-recognized discoveries and inventions which might impact on the history of mankind. Education for the science-gifted students is imperative! Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

5. Challenges for Korea in 21C Economic Challenge: N curve or M curve ? 20,000 (US dollar) Per CapitaGDP N Curve Financial Crisis 10,000 M Curve Foreign Exchange Crisis ’91 ’96 ’98 ’00 ’02 ’10 ’70s Late ’90s Paradigm Shift in Economic Growth Tech. Innovation 12.8 % Labor- Capital 37.2 % Tech. Innovation 55.4 % Labor-Capital 55.1 % Knowledge–Based Economy : Knowledge-Creative Human Resources, a Key Growth Engine Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

6. Science Occupancy (2005) (%) 30 Korea( 2005) USA (30.8, 26.89) Sci. Eco. 20 12th Quantity 12th 10 29th Quality 29th Japan(12.5, 6.97) China(4.6, 4.68) Korea(1.8, 1.85) 0 20 (%) 10 30 Economics occupancy (2005) Correlation : Science vs Economics National Science standing≈Economics Standing Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

7. Qualitative Aspect: more strongly coupled Science Economics Push-Pull Relationship (NATURE, 2004.7.15) Citation per Paper ∝ (per Capita GDP )2 Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

8. 100 Television Electricity Telephone Radio Automobile VCR 50 GMR Head % Penetration PC Cellular 0 Internet 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Years Science becomes more important: Innovation is accelerating Measured by Speed of Market Penetration Source: Joseph Jacobsen, “Organizational and Individual Innovation Diffusion” Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

9. 10ys from Discovery to Commercialization Giant Magneto-Resistance(GMR) [Baibich et al., PRL 61, 2472 (1988)] GMR Head in Hard Disk(1997) (3 nm Fe/0.9 nm Cr) ML Morethan 5 billion GMR heads have been manufactured since 1997. 2007 Nobel laureates in Physics Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

10. 20th Century 21st Century 20th Century 21st Century • KnowledgeKnowledge • Consuming HR Creating HR • Industrial Knowledge – • Society Based Society • Narrow Focused Inter- • Majors HR Disciplinary HR • Capitalism Knowledgeism • Vertical Horizontal • Organization Organization • Hardware HR Cooperative • Design HR • Uniformity Variety • Component- System- • Embodiment HR Embodiment HR • Mass Customer • Production Oriented • AnalyticHR Creative HR • Endurance Spontaneity • ExclusionaryHRIntegrative HR • Win-LoseWin-Win Paradigm Shift of HR in 21st Century Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

11. Domain Ⅰ: Knowledge-Creative HR Domain Ⅱ: Technology-Innovative HR Domain Ⅲ: Business-Creating HR Interlevel Ⅰ Science Ⅱ Engineering Ⅲ Technology Basic concept Detailing Realization Design Transfer /Planning /Application /Manufacturing Mech . Interprocess Electronics Computer Materials Chem . Interdisciplinary Novel HR Training Domain Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

12. Korea Science Academy of KAIST High School for Science-Gifted Students Found in 1991 Affiliated with KAIST in 2009

13. Korean (14credits) Social Studies (18 credits) General Subject 62 credits Foreign Languages (18 credits) Total 165 Credits Physical and Arts Education (12 credits) Specialized Subject Mathematics and Science 73 credits Creative Research Activity 30 credits Leadership Activities Extra-curricular Activities, Volunteer work : 8AUrespectively 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Outline of Credits

14. Creative Research Program R&E (Research & Education) Program • Unique mentoring program that brings accomplished professors and science-gifted students • together, financially supported by the KRF with 20 K $ per year for each group. • A group of 5 studentscarry out experiment in the well-established lab. of the leading • university under supervision of a professor; • 4 hrs every Saturday during the semester and 20 days during the breaks for a year. • - Research results are presented at an annual campus conference and published by KSA. • KAIST : Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology • POSTECH : Pohang University of Technology and Science • SNU : Seoul National University • PNU : Pusan National University

15. Higher Education for Science-Gifted Students Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

16. Clear Vision & Idea Strong Support 1984 KIT Foundation (KAIST Undergraduate) • Established Korea Advanced Institute of Science (KAIS) • Special Foundation Law of KAIS (1970. 12) • Feasibility Study led by Frederick Terman (1971. 1) 1971 1st Research-Oriented Graduate Univ. in Korea (under MOST) • Special Benefits to the Students : • Provide full scholarship • Waive military obligation Background of KAIST Foundation “Teach how to catch fishes, rather than to give fishes.” Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

17. Produced more than 31,000 elite scientists and engineers over the • last 30 years. • KAIST graduates accounting for 20% (6,500) of domestic S&E Ph.D.’s • 2,860 (44%) doctors in their twenties in 6,500 of KAIST doctors GRADUATES (1975~2007.09) Total: 31,689 MS 17,106 54% BS 8,060 25% Ph.D. 6,523 21% S. - C. Shin KAIST Role & Status • 25% of Ph.D-level HRs in Samsung, LG, and Major Industries • Approximately 11% of 20,117 Domestic S&E Professors • Venture Academy : Opened 360 venture businesses • World Competitiveness (Source: The Times ’08) • Science : 46 th • Engineering : 34th • A role-model research-oriented university • at home and abroad : • POSTECH, GIST, JAIST, HKUST, PAIST Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

18. World-Leading Research University VISION Knowledge-Creative Global Leaders EDUCATION GOAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY Educate the students who best serve the nation and the world by generating novel knowledge in the 21C. KAIST Vision for Next 30 Yrs Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

19. Strategic Approaches NT Institute BT Institute IT Institute ET Institute • Research • - Focused diversification: • Physics department: Quantum-scale Physics, Photon Physics, Complex Physics • - Promote interdisciplinary research: KAIST InstituteswithMatrix system • - Global collaboration with world-leading universities : • Ex. Cavendish-KAIST cooperation Dept Faculty Faculty Faculty Faculty Students Students Students Students Dept Faculty Faculty Faculty Faculty Students Students Students Students KAIST Institutes Dept Faculty Faculty Faculty Faculty Students Students Students Students Dept Faculty Faculty Faculty Faculty Students Students Students Students Researchers Staff Researchers Staff Researchers Staff Researchers Staff S. - C. Shin • Education • - Interdisciplinary education: Nanoscience,Brain science, etc. • - Entrepreneurship education: Business Economics Minor Program (’05) • - Leadership education: Leadership training course • Faculty Hiring and Tenure System • - From ‘apply and select’ system • to ‘search and recruit’ system • - Early tenure system • dependent on qualification Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

20. KAST Science Mentorship Program 1:1 mentorship program between KAST scholarsand gifted students Goal: Promote self-motivation for talented students in Math and Science and cultivate creative minds. Contents of Program : One-to-one mentoring in the student-interested topic via both on- and off-line Science camps and workshops during school breaks. Special lectures given by role-model scientists. Visitation of national leading labs. Confer the certificate Participants: 12 in 2008 and 22 students in 2009 Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

21. S. - C. Shin Summary In the knowledge –based society of 21C, science and economy is strongly coupled together via ‘push-pull relation.’ In this regard, education for science-gifted students is important not only for the advancement of science but also for boosting up economy via inventing novel technology. High and higher educational systems for the gifted students in Korea have been implemented and relatively well supported by government. These gifted students will be valuable assets for Korea to advance to one of the leading countries in 21C both in science and economy. Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

22. Thank You Thank you for your kind attention! Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

23. Curriculum • General courses • Specialized courses Creative Research Activities Acceleration, Enrichment • Creative Basic Study • Self-directed Research • in small groups • - Graduation Research • PT, AP Leadership Activities • Club Activities • Volunteer Work Distinctive feature of Study

24. Creative Research Program [1] * KAIST HRP: Students contact with a KAIST guidance professors individually referring to students’ resume from winter vacation of 11th grade. After selecting a professor, students carry out research in the 1st semester of the 12th grade. Students stay at KAIST in summer vacation of the 12th grade and complete their graduation thesis.

25. PT (Placement Test) Program Outline of curriculum [2] – Acceleration, Enrichment • Students with superb abilities in English, mathematics, physics, chemistry and • biology may be credited through prior academic achievement tests • Mathematics 1·2, Physics 1·2, Chemistry 1·2, Biology 1·2, English 1·2 • The pass score of English PT AP (Advanced Placement)Program • Courses at advanced level can be credited at universities, allowing students to get • university credits in advance. • SNU (Seoul National University) AP : Math(5), Earth Science(8), Chemistry(6), Biology(5) • KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) AP : Math(26), Physics(22)

26. Academic Path after Graduation [1] Fast Track Admission Agreement with prestigious Universities • KAIST : Approximately 100 students for special selection, Agreement on • AP courses • - POSTECH : Agreement on APcourses • UNIST : Agreement on special selection, Agreement on AP courses • - SNU : Special selection on mathematics and science Support for Overseas Study • Expanding chance of enrollment for the Ivy League and prestigious universities • Support of studies for SAT and AP courses • Holding admission presentations from overseas through international academic • exchange programs • Networking and mentoring of graduates studying abroad • Designated AP center for universities in the U.S.A. (designated number : 682023)

27. Admission Policy Qualification - Highly gifted students with potentials and creativity are selected. - 144 students nationwide are admitted every year. General Selection (70% out of 144 students) Selection by Admission Officers (30% out of 144 students)

28. Korean Situation in 1971 • Underdeveloped country : Per Capital GDP - $ 300 • Lower than NK • Major export items: Low-cost labor-intensive products • such as wig, shoes, etc. • Korean government tried to reshape the country from an agricultural country to an industrial country via the 1st and 2nd 5 years Economic Plans. • No existing universities in Korea could provide qualified graduate-level education. • Most elite sci. & eng. majored students went abroad for advanced studies and they didn’t came back: • Serious brain-drain problem! Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

29. Undergrad Admittees Master’s Admittees Doctoral Admittees Other Schools 719 73% From KAIST 271 27% Unique Selection & Pre-Training • Early Admission of High School Juniors • Continuous Education for Science-Gifted Students • from 20 Science High Schools and Korea Academy of Science • Selection through Rec. & In-Depth Interview • (First Case in Korea) • Special Training Programs for Gifted Students • (Ex.: R&E Program, Cyber Education Program for Gifted • Students, Education for Korean Science Academy Students) Ⓒ Prof. Sung – Chul Shin (KAIST)

30. Life Science Electronics Computer Science Mechanical Engineering Dept. of BioSystems • Mission Create new knowledge and technology in the fused field of biology, information technology, and nano technology • Objective World top level research group in the IT+BT area, utilizing the strength of information technology of Korea Background With the donation of US$30 million from Mr. Moon Soul Chung, the former president of Mirae Industry Corporation and the Korean government subsidy in 2002

31. The Graduate School of Culture Technology • Background The Culture Industry has emerged as one of the core post- industrial sectors. (8% of GDP in Korea, 15% of GDP in the USA) • Objective • To provide the high quality experts to the culture industry • To pursue a new educational model for the culture-rich society. (Creatingvalues by merging engineering, art & culture and management) • Finance Fully supported by the Ministry of Culture & Tourism • US$ 1M in 2005 • US$ 5M per year, over 10 years.

32. KAIST Graduate School of Management(’96)Launch a separate management school in 1996 with particular emphasis on technology, information, environment, and knowledgein a global society. To train business leaders and policy specialists in both technology issues and global perspectives. Programs: Management Engineering, Venture Management, eBusiness, Financial Engineering, Telecommunications, Management and Policy, etc Business Economics Minor Program (’05)To enable KAIST undergraduate students to add basic business skills to their powerful science and engineering knowledge. With the donation of US$ 2 M from Chong-Moon Lee, Chairman of Silicon Valley Venture Fund and a US$ 4 Mmatching fund from Korean Government. Entrepreneurship Education

33. Leadership Training • (7 Habits of Highly Effective People) • Bilingual Communication Training • Physical Training in the Military Academy • Cultural Experience • Community Service • Overseas Training Program Leadership Education Educate the students who best serve the nation and the world in the 21C.