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HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS. Biological Changes. (BIO EVOLUTION). Origin of the Earth/ Solar System 4.6 Bya. Origin of Life on Earth 3.5 Bya. Universe 10 bya. Biodiversity On Earth. 1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y. Bya = Billion years ago.

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HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

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  1. HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

  2. Biological Changes (BIO EVOLUTION) Origin of the Earth/ Solar System 4.6 Bya Origin of Life on Earth 3.5 Bya Universe 10 bya Biodiversity On Earth 1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y. Bya = Billion years ago

  3. 3.5 Billion Years Ago Bitter Springs Chert (in Red) • Oldest known life • Prokaryotic cell • No nucleus • Resembles Cyanobacteria from today http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/bittersprings.html Ancient Fossil Bacteria : Pictured above are two kinds cyanobacteria from the Bitter Springs Chert. On the left is a colonial chroococcalean form, probably Myxococcoides minor, and on the right is the filamentous Palaeolyngbya.

  4. 1 BYA-1.8 BYA • First Eukaryotic Cells • 1 BYA • Fossils with preserved nuclei http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/eukaryotafr.html

  5. 600-560 MYA • Formation of the Ozone Layer • Cyanobacteria now producing much of the world’s Oxygen (O2). • UV rays hit oxygen and cause formation of Ozone (O3). • Now that Ozone is blocking UV rays…Life can move onto land http://www.albany.edu/faculty/rgk/atm101/ozone.htm#form

  6. 1 Bya 3.5 Bya Today 560 MYA Ozone Layer Forms 1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.

  7. When did Humans come along? • Homo sapien sapiens (modern man) first appears ~1.8 MYA (MILLION not Billion)

  8. 3.5 Bya 1 Bya Today 560 MYA Ozone Layer Forms 1.8 MYA Homo sapien 1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.

  9. Classification • All living and extinct organisms are organized into units called TAXONS • 6 Kingdom Classification: • Bacteria • Archaea • Protists • Plants • Fungi • Animals (Invertebrates and Vertebrates)

  10. Classification — (Linneaus System) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomic unit/ Taxon

  11. Bacteria and Archaea • Are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus) • Primitive (simple) • Archaea live in extreme conditions (ex: in lava flows, ice) Archaea in deep sea vent!

  12. Protists • Are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes (with nucleus) • Includes amoeba, algae (kelp) Volvox Amoeba

  13. Plants • Are multicellular Eukaryotes (with nucleus) • Can Photosythesize (autotrophs) Amoeba

  14. Fungi • Are multicellular eukaryotes (with nucleus) • Absorb nutrients from the surrounding (heterotroph)

  15. Animals • Eukaryotes and heterotrophs • Invertebrates have no backbone • Vertebrates have backbone

  16. Animals • Invertebrates - can be motile (move) or sessile (stationary); • Body symmetry can be present/absent; if present, body can show radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry; • Body can be divided into segments of same type or different types

  17. Animals • Vertebrates - includes fishes, amphibians, reptiles (includes birds), and mammals (have mammary or milk glands)

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