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Introduction to the Bible

Introduction to the Bible. Achievement Standard 90820 (6 credits). Something about writing. What is the Bible? Where did it come from? What might have happened between origin and now?. What is the Bible?. A library of books arranged in the chronological order of the ‘story’.

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Introduction to the Bible

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  1. Introduction to the Bible Achievement Standard 90820 (6 credits)

  2. Something about writing

  3. What is the Bible?Where did it come from?What might have happened between origin and now?

  4. What is the Bible? • A library of books arranged in the chronological order of the ‘story’. • It consists of two main sections:-Old Testament-New Testament

  5. The stories in the Bible existed in oral form since 1850BC - the time of Abraham The Old Testament took ~1000 years to write while the New Testament was written within 100 years.

  6. The Hebrew Scriptures (OT) were first published in 300BC in Hebrew. The whole NT was written in Greek. The entire Bible was completed by the 2nd century AD.

  7. Translations of the Bible Spoken in Aramaic First written in Greek Translated to Latin Translated to German Translated to English and over 300 languages worldwide!

  8. Dead Sea Scrolls

  9. Deutero-canonical and Apocryphal books • In 90AD two versions of the Bible existed: one in Greek and the other in Hebrew. • During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Protestants accepted the Hebrew version • While the Catholics adopted the larger Greek version (with 7 or 8 extra books)

  10. Biblical References • Each of the 72 books of the Catholic Bible are divided up into verses and chapters in a system adopted by all bible-users worldwide. • Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, had the idea of dividing each book into chapters, done in 1226. • During a carriage journey from Lyons to Paris in 1551 the printer, Robert Estienne, numbered almost every phrase of these chapters.

  11. Four Stages of Bible Formation 1. The historical people and the events of their lives. 2. The period of oral tradition. 3. The time of writing. 4. The editing and publishing of the texts

  12. 2Samuel 9-20 and 1Kings 1-2 are regarded as the earliest written passages of the Bible

  13. How was the Bible written. 4 main theories exist: Theory 1. God dictated and human writer recorded this information. Theory 1 doubtful because:- the Bible contains errors.- the style is not all the same.- the books don’t all fit together.

  14. Theory 2. Human authors wrote alone and God only stopped them when they were about to make a serious religious mistake. Theory 2 doubtful because: - God’s authorship is denied so Scripture is no longer the Word of God.

  15. Theory 3. Human author wrote and God gave his approval after it was finished. Theory 3 doubtful because: - it does not allow for God’s active presence in the writing process.

  16. Theory 4. Inspired (“called”) authors use their natural talents (and limitations) to write God’s self-revelations. Theory 4 commonly accepted because:- it allows for the active presence of God (making the Bible the Word of God).- it allows for the human authors to be free to use their natural abilities.

  17. God accepts working within human limitations. Hence variation. Ultimate significance - God speaks to human beings. Cultural limitation on writers means they can only write within the time-frame of their civilisation.

  18. Some examples of differences Mark 15:25 states that Jesus was crucified at the 3rd hour. John 19:14 states that Jesus was crucified at the 6th hour. The religious truth is not affected, Jesus was crucified.

  19. Matthew 5:1-12 a. Jesus spoke from a mountain Luke 6:17-26 a. Jesus spoke on level ground

  20. 1 Samuel 17:50-51 David killed Goliath 2 Samuel 21:19 Elhanan killed Goliath

  21. What are some of the stories or writings that you have always wondered about, or found difficult.

  22. Inspiration The Holy Spirit inspired the writers of Scripture to use their own talents and knowledge to express what God wanted. The Bible is completely God’s book and also a completely human book.

  23. The purpose of the Scriptures is to lead the believer to God. It’s religious truth is without fault. However the Bible does contain geographical, historical and scientific errors because the writers were only able to write from their own memory and understanding.

  24. For example, it is futile reading Genesis 1 and 2 as if it were scientific truth - rather they are a poetic description containing religious truth, ie God is the creator of all things, and all things were created good.

  25. Literal Interpretation Some people believe every word in the Bible as it is written. Difficulties arise from this approach because of things such as Translation, History, Culture, Copy Error, Scientific Knowledge, etc.

  26. Truth in the Bible The Bible contains different kinds of truth: Historical truth - Jesus was crucified Scientific truth - Sun Rises and Sets

  27. Proverbial truth - a stitch in time saves nine ; - A rolling stone gathers no moss Symbolic truth - Garden of Eden Moral truth - Do to others as you’d like them to do to you. Religious truth - the relationship between God and people. Experience of, and response to, God.

  28. The Gospels The Gospels describe Jesus from an Easter perspective and are not biographies of him. In all the Gospels the message is “Jesus is the Risen Lord”. The meaning of words and events are more important than the order of events.

  29. Although the Gospels are given the names of 4 men, they are probably a compilation of writers and editors from oral and written material. Matthew, Mark and Luke are called Synoptic Gospels because they share common stories and sequence.

  30. Look at the Gospels.What Gospel/s are most used by other Gospel writers.Bonus Question: Can you pick up on any particular flavour )

  31. M L 90CE John The Synoptic Problem Jesus preaches/teaches dies, rises, ascends into heaven Apostles, Paul, and others, write, travel, preach Mark 69CE Q ?? Matthew Luke 85CE

  32. Apocryphal Gospels • Gospel of Nativity of Mary • Gospel of Pseudo Matthew • Gospel of Nicodemus • Gospel of Peter • Arabic Infancy of Jesus • Infancy Gospel of Thomas

  33. What are some of the miracles or teachings of Jesus that you have always wondered about, or found difficult.

  34. The Early Church • Huge variety of persons and personalities. • Wide range of cultural differences. • Common belief that Christ would come again. (SOON) (VERY SOON) • Indecision - Desire for guidance. • Experience of adversity. • Conflict within themselves. • Imperfect people

  35. Author of the Gospel of Luke Wrote two volumes: Luke & Acts (c. 85AD) Gospel addressed to Theophilus. Gentile by birth Educated in Greek culture Doctor Companion of St Paul

  36. Gospel of Luke • Luke’s communities were Greek-speaking Christians living in Asia Minor in the late 1st century. • They were Roman citizens living in cities with professional jobs • Unfamiliar with Jewish ways. > Important because they were Gentiles following a Jewish founder.

  37. The Book of Luke • When was it written? • What do we know about the author? • What is the Gospel all about? • Describe the type of people that Luke was primarily writing for. • What were they needing to hear? What needs did they have?

  38. Gospel of Luke Women Lk 7:11-17 Lk 7:36-50 Lk 13:10-17 Lk 23:49-50 Lk 24:1-11 Prayer Lk 3:21 Lk 5:16 Lk 6:12 Lk 9:18-21 Lk 9:29 Lk 11:1-4 Lk 18:1-8 Lk 11:13 Lk 21:36 Lk 22:39-43 Holy Spirit Lk 1:11-16,67 Lk 1:27-38 Lk 2:25-32 Lk 3:21-22 Lk 4:1-2 Lk 1-:21-22 Lk 11:9-11 Lk 12:10 Lk 24:49

  39. Parables Miracle Stories Prayers Blessings Preaching Healing stories Journey Account of events Genealogy History Prophecy Proverbs Literary Form (types of writing)

  40. Gospel of Luke – Holy Spirit Lk 1:11-16,67 Lk 1:27-38 Lk 2:25-32 Lk 3:21-22 Lk 4:1-2 Lk 10:21-22 Lk 11:9-11 Lk 12:10 Lk 24:49

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