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GENETIC ENGINEERING

GENETIC ENGINEERING. Genetic Engineering. Some techniques in GE use bacteria and viruses to transfer genetic information Bacteria- biotic Viruses- abiotic. Bacteria and Viruses. Both have the ability to reproduce very quickly- GE uses this to its advantage!

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GENETIC ENGINEERING

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  1. GENETIC ENGINEERING

  2. Genetic Engineering • Some techniques in GE use bacteria and viruses to transfer genetic information • Bacteria- biotic • Viruses- abiotic

  3. Bacteria and Viruses • Both have the ability to reproduce very quickly- • GE uses this to its advantage! • Most bacteria reproduce asexually, called binary fission (sexual reproduction is possible) • Viruses must have a host to reproduce

  4. Recombinant DNA • Bacteria contain DNA and a circular section of DNA called a plasmid • Plasmids are used in recombinant DNA techniques

  5. Recombinant DNA

  6. Bacterial transformation • process by which bacterial cells take up DNA molecules • If the foreign DNA is recognized by the host cell, the bacteria will replicate the foreign DNA along with their own DNA • Transformation can occur through conjugation

  7. Bacterial Conjugation • transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection

  8. Cloning

  9. Dolly: A cloned sheep July 5th, 1996 - February 14th, 2003 • First mammal cloned from adult cell • Took 277 attempts before success • chromosomes were a little shorter than those of other sheep Not exact copy?!

  10. Other clones

  11. Hybrids • offspring of two different species usually produced through human manipulation • Hybrids can happen naturally but it is extremely rare • Can plants be hybrids? • Can animals be hybrids? • Successful hybrids are only created when the species used are extremely similar in genetic information

  12. Hybrids Hybrid offspring are usually sterile Naming hybrids: Male species + female species Ex. Male lion + female tiger= liger

  13. Tigon Male tiger+ female lion Leopon Male leopard + female lion Real Hybrids Liger Male lion+ female tiger

  14. Grolar (or pizzly) Male grizzly bear+ female polar bear Real Hybrids Cama Male Camel + Female llama Wholpin Male killer whale + female bottlenose dolphin

  15. Zorse Male zebra + female horse Real Hybrids Zony Male zebra+ female pony

  16. What is the most common hybrid I haven’t named yet? A Mule!

  17. SELECTIVE BREEDING Organisms are selected to breed due to a desirable trait that they contain Ex. If you wanted black dogs you would select black dogs to mate If you wanted small birds you would select small birds to mate

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