Literature as Content For ESL/EFL

1. Literature as Content ForESL/EFL introduction

2. objectives • List the benefits of using literature as content. • The importance of literature to extent learners’ awareness of their own communication. • List the six aspects of language development in literature. • Compare between efferent and esthetic reading. • List the advantages of stylistics • Use characterization and point of view in language development. • Use literary texts in integrating the four language skills.

3. Benefits of using literature as content • Show the importance of form in communication. • Good resource for integrating the 4 skills. • Raises cross-cultural awareness.

4. Defining Literary Texts • Language is used to convey a message by relating information. • Literature convey “an individual awareness of reality” • What makes literary texts unique is that the WHAT and HOW of the text are inseparable. • This makes literature valuable for extending learners’ awareness that how they say something is important in two ways. • What are those two ways? (refer to p. 319) • Example p. 319-320

5. Defining Literary Text • The particularity of literary text rests on the author’s use of six aspects of text development. • What are these six aspects? (refer to p. 320). • These dimensions of literary texts that contribute to the “what/ how of literary communication.”

6. Examples of different literary works • Novels • Stories • Advertisements • Newspapers headlines • Jokes • Pun

7. Literary Text And The Reader • Rosenblatt(1978) defines literary texts in terms of how readers interact with them. • Interaction can be: • Efferent reading • Aesthetic reading • Define the two terms. Refer to p. 320

8. Stylistics and its advantages • Stylistics: literary text analysis. • Advantages: • A key to decode the text • Basing the interpretation of systematic verbal Analysis reaffirms the centrality of the language as the aesthetic medium of literature. • Easy for non-native speakers since they already have the systematic knowledge of the language. • other researchers say the focus on stylistics will prevent the reader from enjoying the text. • What do you think? Refer to p.321 to define practical stylistics.

9. Using Literary Texts to Develop Language • Pick a partner and choose one of the stories mentioned in p. 321-322 • What things did you like about the story? • What things did you not like about the story? • If you wanted to give your students a story to read, what characteristics should it carry to achieve language development?

10. Characteristics of a chosen literary text • Students will enjoy reading literature only if the text is accessible to them. • The teacher should make sure that: • the theme of the text is engaging • The linguistic and conceptual level are appropriate for the students.

11. Literary texts in language development • teachers can help students develop their language through literary texts by means of using: • Characterization • Point of view

12. characterization • Readers assess characters in a story based on what the character says and does. • How to assess: • Listing the adjectives they believe best describe eachcharacter. • return to the text to justify their interpretations • Examine the language of the text.

13. Point of view • Three types of point of view: • Spatio-temporal point of view tenses & order of events • Ideological point of view critical literacy &reading literacy • Psychological point of view • Refer to p. 323 and define the three types of point of view.

14. Using literary texts to integrate skills • How to integrate the 4 skills? • Reading refer to p. 326 • Listening refer to p. 326 • Speaking refer to p. 327 • Writing refer to p. 328

15. Using literary texts to develop cultural awareness • Four dimensions of culture: • The aesthetic sense • The sociological sense • The semantic sense • pragmatic sense Refer to p. 328 to look up the meaning of these four dimensions

16. How to use a literary text to raise cultural awareness? • Choosing different texts from different cultures provides a medium for sharing and illuminating the differences and similarities of two cultures.