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Rise of Europe. Ea rly Middle Ages. Geography of Western Europe. Rome had linked distant European territories but Rome was a Mediterranean power. Germanic people who ended Rome's rule shifted the focus of European history to the North.
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Rise of Europe Early Middle Ages
Geography of Western Europe • Rome had linked distant European territories but Rome was a Mediterranean power. Germanic people who ended Rome's rule shifted the focus of European history to the North. • Europe is relatively small, it’s the 2nd smallest of the 7 continents. Despite its size Europe's impact on the modern world has been enormous. • From 500 to 1000 this region was a frontier land-sparsely populated and underdeveloped on the outskirts of civilization. This are had great untapped potential.
Germanic Kingdoms • Germanic tribes who migrated across Europe were farmers and herders. Their culture differed greatly from that of the Romans. They elected kings to lead them in war. Warrior nobles swore loyalty to the king in exchange for weapons and loot. • Franks- Between 400-700 Germanic tribes carved western Europe into small kingdoms. The strongest kingdom to emerge was the Franks. In 486, Clovis, king of the Franks, conquered former Roman province of Gaul. Clovis converted to Christianity, which was the religion of the people of Gaul. He earned their support but also gained an ally the Christian Church of Rome.
Age of Charlemagne • Around 800, Western Europe had a moment of unity when the grandson of Charles Martel built an empire reaching across France, Germany and part of Italy. This emperor is know as Charlemagne. • He loved battle and spent much of his 46 reign fighting Muslims in Spain, and Saxons in the north, Avars in the east and Lombard's in Italy. His conquest reunited much of the old Roman empire. • In 800 Pope Leo 3 called on Charlemagne for help against rebellious nobles in Rome. For his efforts the pope crowned Charlemagne as emperor of the Romans. This was significant to have a Christian pope crown a German king successor to the Romans. This enraged the King of Constantinople who saw himself as the sole Roman ruler. This helped widen the split between east and west.
continued • Charlemagne tried to exercise control over many lands and create a united Christian Europe. Working closely with the church he helped spread Christianity to the conquered peoples. • Like many other kings Charlemagne appointed nobles to rule local regions. He gave them land so they could offer support and supply soldiers for the army • Revival of learning. Education had declined since fall of Rome. So Charlemagne revived the use of Latin and started up schooling. Their classes included grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy, also work in the bible and Latin works of history and science.
After Charlemagne • After Charlemagne died in 814, his empire soon fell apart. His heir battled for power for nearly 30 years. Finally in 843 Charlemagne's grandson drew up a treaty that split the empire into 3 regions. • Charlemagne left a lasting legacy. He extended Christian civilization into northern Europe and further blended German, roman, and Christian traditions. • NEW WAVE OF INVASIONS-Despite Christian victories, Muslim forces still posed a threat to Europe. 896 the Magyars settled in what is today Hungary. From there they moved on to plunder parts of Germany , France, and Italy. Vikings snapped the last threads of Charlemagne's empire. Vikings burst out of Scandinavia and they looted and burned communities along the coast and rivers of Europe.
