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American Revolution

American Revolution. American Revolution. The Revolution Begins British General Gage heard of a store of arms and ammunition in Concord. He also heard that John Hancock and Sam Adams were in nearby Lexington.

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American Revolution

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  1. American Revolution American Revolution The Revolution Begins British General Gage heard of a store of arms and ammunition in Concord. He also heard that John Hancock and Sam Adams were in nearby Lexington. On April 18, 1775 orders his troops to destroy the supplies and arrest Adams and Hancock. Midnight Ride Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent to warn the towns that the British were coming. A system was in place to warn colonists about British movement. One lantern in the old North Church meant coming by land, two lanterns meant coming by sea Dawes and Revere road to warn the colonists and met William Prescott in Lexington.

  2. 12:00 AM Revere arrives at Lexington 12:45 AM Revere and Dawes Meet Prescott 12:30 AM Dawes arrives at Lexington 9:30 PM Dawes leaves Boston for Lexington 10:00 PM Revere leaves For Lexington

  3. American Revolution April 19, 1775 Lexington and Concord 700 British soldiers reached Lexington. Found Captain John Parker and about 70 militiamen waiting. British order Americans to put weapons down. Shot is fired and 8 Americans lay dead. No one knows where shot came from. British head to Concord. In Concord they destroy supplies and are forced to retreat. On their retreat they are met by 4000 militia and minutemen. Head back to Boston. 1st battle of American Revolution Termed ”shot heard ‘round the world!” by Ralph Waldo Emerson

  4. American Revolution Loyalist- supported the British Patriots- those who sided with the rebels/colonists Siege of Boston 15,000 militiamen surrounded Boston On May 10, 1775 Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys captured the fort at Ticonderoga. They captured cannons and a large store of weapons. Second Continental Congress creates the Continental Army and names George Washington the commander.

  5. American Revolution June 17, 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill Americans were positioned on Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill. Both positions overlooked the city of Boston. British General Howe awakes to see Americans positioned on Breed’s Hill. Alarmed, he takes 2,200 men across the bay to attack the Americans at Breed’s Hill. American Colonel William Prescott tells American, “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes! It took British 3 attempts to chase Americans off Breed’s Hill. Redcoats(British) won Battle at Bunker Hill Americans held their own against the worlds best army!! 1st major battle of the American Revolution http://www.britishbattles.com/bunker-hill.htm

  6. American Revolution July 1775 Olive Branch Petition was last attempt to restore peace between colonists and King King rejects the Olive Branch Petition • Orders blockade of American ports • Hires German mercenaries(Hessians) to fight in America Fall 1775March on Canada (346 mi. from Newburyport) (276 mi. from Ticonderoga)http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/gallery1/images/map2_10_lrg.jpg Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold lead American troops in an effort to capture Canada. Montgomery captures Montreal in Nov. of 1775. Meets Arnold outside of Quebec in Dec. of 1775. On Dec. 31, 1775, Arnold and Montgomery attack Quebec. Montgomery is killed and Arnold is wounded. Americans withdraw troops and leave Quebec to the British.

  7. American Revolution Jan 1776British Leave Boston British are surrounded by thousands of American patriots waiting on the hills outside of Boston. In Jan. of 1776, Henry Knox arrives with 59 cannons from Fort Ticonderoga. http://www.awesomestories.com/images/user/thumb_1222282667.78.jpg Washington places the cannons on Dorchester Heights, overlooking the Boston Harbor. BR. General Howe knew he could not hold Boston. In March of 1776, Howe withdraws his over 7,000 BR. troops to Halifax, Canada. BR. would never return to Boston! Common Sense Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. Gave specific reasons why the colonies should be independent of British rule. Convinced many colonists to become patriots. Over 100,000 copies of Common Sense were sold in first 3 months of publication. http://www.thwink.org/sustain/articles/010/CommonSenseTitlePage.jpg http://bmshistory7.wikispaces.com/file/view/20100221160548!Thomas_Paine.jpg/190595368/20100221160548!Thomas_Paine.jpg

  8. American Revolution 7-1 Divided Colonies Americans were divided along social, religious, ethnic lines Some Americans were pacifists- people who opposed war Native Americans fought on both sides Southern States did not want African Americans to fight-slave revolt British offered freedom to African Americans Preparing for War George Washington is Commander of Continental Army New army was untrained and undisciplined Washington’s Goal: well trained army Americans enlisted for one year; would go home when enlistment up Prevented army from growing They lacked guns, supplies, pay Women helped by cooking, laundry, nursing the sick or wounded, fighting Deborah Sampson dresses as a man to fight

  9. American Revolution British Troubles British enlisted for life British officers did not want to fight Americans British hired German mercenaries (hessians) to fight Americans New York Campaign British had 34,000 troops and 10,000 sailors Americans had fewer than 20,000 poorly trained troops, no navy

  10. American Revolution August 1776 Battle of Long Island Washington brings troops from Boston to New York Meets British General Howe’s troops at Long Island 2000 American casualties400 British casualties Rest of American troops retreat to Manhattan Fighting continues for a few more months before Washington’s troops retreat across the Delaware River to PA December 1776 Battle of Trenton Washington leads troops across the icy Delaware River into New Jersey Surprises the drunken Hessians and force surrender Washington gains much needed supplies RESULTS: Washington better than most thought and new recruits

  11. American Revolution British Strategy in 1777 Seize the Hudson River Valley and cut off New England from the rest of the Colonies. Howe and St. Leger failed to follow the plan. Howe decides to invade Pennsylvania instead of continuing to New York to join Burgoyne Defeats Washington at The Battle of Brandywine (Sept. 1777) Benedict Arnold tricks St. Leger into retreating to Fort Oswego (August 1777) This left Burgoyne with few troops and supplies to fight the Battle of Saratoga

  12. American Revolution Battle of Saratoga The Turning Point (Sept. – Oct. 1777) Burgoyne has little supplies. He sends his troops to Vermont, but defeated at Bennington. (August 1777) Americans build fortifications at Bemis Heights, near Saratoga, New York. (Tadeusz Kosciuszko) September 19, 1777 Burgoyne starts attacking fortifications. Benedict Arnold leads constant attacks against the British. Burgoyne retreats to a camp at Saratoga on October 7, 1777. Washington fires on Burgoyne day and night. Burgoyne forced to surrender. Turning Point • Prevented British from dividing New England from the rest of the U.S. • Brought much needed foreign help into war, to help America.

  13. American Revolution • France and Spain Enter War France enters war on side of America because they were defeated by the British at the French and Indian War. France sends much needed supplies and troops. Spain also enters on side of America. Sp. Gov. Bernardo De Galvez prevents British from attacking colonies from the southwest. With France and Spain both entering war, forces the British to fight battles in multiple places against multiple foes. Foreign Officers 1. Marquis de Lafayette Brought trained soldiers. 2. Friedrich Von Steuben Trained troops in march and drill. 3. Tadeus Kosciusko Built forts and defenses. 4. Casmir Pulaski Trained Calvary.

  14. American Revolution Valley Forge Washington spent winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge. Harsh conditions at Valley Forge. Lack of supplies: Food, clothing, blankets, shoes. Used rags tied around feet in place of shoes. Foreign Officers trained troops while at Valley Forge. Army stayed together because of love of our country. January 1778, women from Philadelphia bring supplies for troops. Valley Forge stands for the great hardships that Americans faced in the American Revolution. Continental Army emerges from Valley Forge a more efficient and stronger Army.

  15. American Revolution Frontier - Region between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Wilderness Road - Trail across the Appalachian Mountains into Kentucky. Frontier Fighting George Rogers Clark persuades Patrick Henry to allow him to raise and army to attack British troops in the Western Frontier. May 1778, Clark leads Frontiersmen against British on the Frontier. Take Fort at Kaskaskia. February 1779, Clark heads towards fort at Vincennes. Surprises British because woods around fort were flooded. Clark forces British to surrender. Two important outcomes from Clarks victories: • Secures a vast amount of land in the West. • Forced the British to spread out their troops, further weakening them.

  16. American Revolution Privateers - Privately owned ships that are given permission to attack an enemies merchant ships. War at Sea John Paul Jones, an American Sea Captain, who sails across the Atlantic Ocean to attack British ships. He is the Commander of Bonhomme Richard. September 1779 Attacks the British War Ship Serapis. Jones rams the Serapis and the two ships get locked together. British Captain orders Jones to surrender. Jones states, “I have not yet begun to fight!” Continue firing weapons and fighting for 3 ½ hours. Serapis looses main mast and is forced to surrender. Bonhomme Richard, full of holes, eventually sinks. Jones sails away on the British Ship The Serapis. Jones success inspires Americans, angers the British.

  17. American Revolution • War in the South February 1776Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge Patriots defeat Loyalist Army Called the Lexington and Concord of the South Britain Moves War to the South • Did not have enough troops to control the North. • Believed most southerners were Loyalists. • Expected slaves to escape and join British.

  18. American Revolution American Revolution December 1778 British take Savannah, Georgia Conquered most of Georgia. May 12, 1780Battle of Charles Town Loyalists defeat Patriots. Patriots lose almost entire southern army. General Horatio Gates is to form new southern army. August 16, 1780Battle of Camden Gates meets troops lead by British General Cornwallis Gates troops not ready for battle, tired and hungry. Again, Patriots lose to the British, Washington has little hope.

  19. American Revolution Guerilla Warfare - The use of hit and run tactics on the enemy. Francis Marion, “Swamp Fox”, lead these attacks against British supply lines. Sept. 1780 Benedict Arnold becomes a traitor Unhappy with his current place in Am. Army, tries to give West Point to British, gets caught January 17, 1781Battle of Cowpens New American General is Nathaniel Greene, one of Washington’s best. Send part of his troops, led by General Daniel Morgan, to meet Cornwallis. General Morgan tricked the British into thinking he was retreating, but instead had lines waiting for the British. Patriots defeat the British in convincing fashion.

  20. American Revolution September 1781-October 19, 1781Battle of Yorktown http://www.the-m-factory.com/portfolio/all_images/ill_maps-Yorktown-HRW.jpg Cornwallis moves his troops to Virginia to cut off American supply lines. He ignores orders to go to New York. Camps his troops in Yorktown in hopes of receiving supplies. Washington and French General Rochambeau combine forces. Move south towards Yorktown. French fleet, led by French Admiral de Grasse, is heading north to Yorktown to block the Chesapeake Bay. Washington and Rochambeau have Cornwallis blocked on land and French Fleet by Sea. American pound Yorktown with cannon fire for 3 weeks. Cornwallis has no choice but to surrender. http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/amer_hist_1914/resources/htmls/animations/ah07_anim_waryork.html Last major battle of The American Revolution.

  21. American Revolution Keys to American Victory • Persistence • Fought close to home • Civilian help • Learn dependent. • Boundaries now are thefrom mistakes • Washington inspired the troops Aftermath Cost of the War American loss: 25,700 British loss: 10,000 Soldiers left with no money. Received Certificates for land in the West, sold them to purchase food and suppliles. Nation in debt approximately $27 million. Many Loyalists flee country to Canada.

  22. The Treaty of Paris 1783 Negotiated by Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. Signed on September 3, 1783 Terms: • United States was Independent. • Boundaries now are the Mississippi River, Canada and Spanish Florida. • Congress asked Legislatures to repay Loyalists for their losses. • Each side to repay debts owed to the other. American Revolution American Revolution

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