Entertainment and the Arts

1. Entertainment and the Arts • Entertainment and the arts started in the 1920 • First major film with sound was called The Jazz Singer • Was an American musical film that started the decline of the silent film era.

2. Other notables in the arts • George Gershwin- American composer and pianist • Georgia O’Keeffe- American artist

3. Writers of the 1920s • The 1920s changed the face of modern writing • Writers were looking for freedom of thought and action • The 20s brought out insightful writing, making it one of the richest eras in the country’s literary history.

4. Names of writers • Sinclair Lewis- 1st American to win Nobel prize for literature. (The Babbitt) • F. Scott Fitzgerald- American of novels and short stories. (The Great Gatsby) • Ernest Hemingway- wrote about the horrors of WW1 (A Farewell to Arms)

5. Ernest Hemingway Sinclair Lewis Scott Fitzgerald

6. Kira Gatling-Colon A Superficial Prosperity

7. A Superficial Prosperity • During the 1920’s, most Americans believed prosperity would go on forever. • Producing great quantities of goods • As productivity increased, businesses expanded. • As businesses grew, so did the income gap between workers and managers.

8. Credit & Installment Plans • Buying goods on credit • Credit was used to lure consumers to purchase more goods • Installment plan - a system that lets customers make partial payments (installments) at set intervals of time until the total debt is paid. (Similar to layaway)

9. Installment Plans (cont.) • Some economists and business owners worried that installment buying might be getting out of hand and that is was a sign of a weak economy and “superficial economy”. • Worried people would be dependent on installments

10. Fear of Communism • Communism is a socialist movement to create a classless, moneyless, and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production, as well as a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of this social order. • It also means that the government owned all land and property, a single political party controlled the government, individuals had no rights that the government had no rights that the government had to respect, and the government vowed to stir up revolutions in other countries and spread communism throughout the world.

11. The Red Scare • The Red Scare was called this because the Communist Party was openly hostile to American beliefs and values, which spread an intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas.

12. The Palmer Raid • The Palmer Raid, lead by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, targeted and hunted down suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists. • Anarchists were people who advocate stateless societies based on voluntary associations. • There were two results of this raid, nether of which were good: • Thousands of people were jailed, with many being innocent or never convicted of any crime. • More than 500 immigrants were deported , or sent back to their homelands. Their Leader, Alexander Mitchell Palmer

13. Scandal Hits Harding’s Administration Phillip Santerian and Choi Byoung WoOoO

14. Harding’s Cabinet Good Bad Charles E. Hughes, 1921 Secretary of State Herber Hoover, 1921 Secretary of Com Andrew W. Mellon, 1921 Secretary of Treasury Ohio Gang-A group of politicians who achieved high office during the presidential administration of Warren G. Harding They betrayed their public trust through a number of scandals. Leader of the Ohio Gang was Harry M. Daugherty President Warren G. Harding (29th) He and his advisers played massive amount of poker.

15. Scandal Plagues Harding At the start of 1923, the economy was bouncing back from wartime disruptions, and the president enjoyed strong popularity. In months before his death, major corruption scandals in Harding’s administration were coming to light. No evidence that the President was involved in the scandals. Harding became terribly disturbed when he heard of the scandal, and the strain may have contributed to his death, from heart problems, on August 2, 1923.

16. Teapot Dome Scandal In 1921 and 1922, Harding’s Secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall, secretly gave oil drilling rights on government oil fields in Elk Hills, California and Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to two private oil companies. Albert B. Fall

17. The Impact of the Automobile • From 1892 – 1920 there were about 8 million cars on the roads • In the next 10 years, that number rose by over 15 million.

18. Henry Ford had the most successful car business at the time • His goal was to “democratize the automobile,” making cars that everyday people could afford • He established assembly lines to produce cars quicker

19. Changes for People • House styles changed - People now needed garages and driveways for their cars • Allowed people to move around more easily • Allowed people to go on more vacations and get jobs farther away from home

20. Paved roads created throughout the country (Route 66) • Rapid construction of gas stations, public garages, motels, tourist camps, and shopping centers

21. The Young Airplane Industry By Josh Komins and Emilee Williams

22. Amelia Earhart • Lindbergh’s journey feat inspired her • 1932 flew across Atlantic alone • 3 years later flew alone Hawaii to California • 1937 attempted to fly across world, disappeared in Pacific

23. Charles Lindbergh • Spirit of St. Louis (specially made) • 25,000 prize to fly nonstop New York to Paris. • Brought home in naval cruiser given congressional medal of honor • Honored in every state in nation w/ parade

24. Education and popular culture (DanielfordRolanski and Maximus Cowan) Radio- The first radio station to come about was stationed in Pittsburgh. During the 20’s radio stations would play music, broadcast news and weather, shows would be played on here, and sport games were covered.

25. Music Almost all of the popular music at this time pertained to Jazz. Some of the more popular men were Louis Armstrong and Mamie Smith.

26. Education • In 1914 there were only 1 million children enrolled in school. By 1926 there were 4 million children enrolled. • Some of the problems schools faced were that most kids had to stay home to work on the farms and this was the time of prohibition. This led to many teens being involved in crime.

27. Limiting Immigration • Anti-immigrant attitudes had been growing since the 1880’s because of 2 things: • Resources • Jobs

28. The KKK Rises Again • KKK was devoted to “100% Americanism” • KKK targeted: • African Americans • Jews • Immigrants • Catholics

29. The Quota System • The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 set up a quota system • Established maximum number of people who could enter the US from foreign countries • Reduced the amount of Catholics and Jews • Asians were PROHIBITED from entering

30. Science and Religion Clash • Fundamentalism • Protestant movement grounded in a literal, or non-symbolic, interpretation of the Bible • Billy Sunday • most famous fundamentalist preacher

31. Science and Religion Clash 2 • Fundamentalists were skeptical of scientific knowledge • They believed all the important things could be found throughout the Bible. • Rejected the theory of evolution

32. The Scopes Trial • 1925 trial in Tennessee on the issue of teaching evolution in public schools • Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach evolution • John T. Scopes

33. The Scopes Trial 2 • July 10, 1925 • Fought over evolution and science vs. religion in school and society • Clarence Darrow -- lawyer, defended Scopes • William Jennings Bryan -- prosecutor • Scopes was guilty • First trial ever broadcasted over the radio

34. The Twenties Women By: MaryKate McInerney Young Women Change the Rules Worldwide impact The Flapper Mother vs. Daughter Average yard

35. The Flapper (cont.) • Hair Style • Makeup • Drinking/smoking • Amount purchased • Men

36. Women Shed Old Roles at Home and at Work By Trey Kelley & Tyler Dunham

37. Fast changing world of the 20’s • In the year 1920 the U.S. government released the 19th amendment for women’s sufferage. • Since men were out fighting the war women took over their jobs

38. New Work Opportunities • Women worked successfully during the war in men’s jobs, but when the war was over, the demand for women workers dropped • Many female college graduates turned “women’s professions” and became nurses, teachers, librarians and traditional clerical jobs • By 1930, about 10 million women were earning wages but few rose to managerial positions and earned less then men

39. The Changing Family • Widespread social and economic changes reshape families all over the U.S.

40. 1920’s Birth control • When birth control came to caps it was very significant because it provided a sense of equality & choice for women

41. At the same time social and technological innovations simplified household labor and family life • Ready made clothes and ready to eat food • Public services to help elderly and sick: workmen’s compensation

42. Marriage Amongst Women • Marriages became more based upon love and companionship

43. Children • There wasn’t a lot of work for children to complete. So as a result they had a lot more leisure time.

44. Children • The lack of work for children really hurt some families, because they were poor and received a lower income as a result. • Top Three lazy people • 1. Julia Rodriguez • 2. Dominic Paone • 3. Lina Brouse