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Unit 2 – Cells & Systems

Unit 2 – Cells & Systems. Topic – 1 Living Things & Structures. One of the 1 st people to explore the internal workings of the body was Galen (129-216AD) How did he do this? He was the doctor to Gladiators Gladiator = fight to the death Survivors often seriously wounded

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Unit 2 – Cells & Systems

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  1. Unit 2 – Cells & Systems Topic – 1 Living Things & Structures

  2. One of the 1st people to explore the internal workings of the body was Galen (129-216AD) • How did he do this? • He was the doctor to Gladiators • Gladiator = fight to the death • Survivors often seriously wounded • He could see internal workings in a live person! A little background!

  3. So what did he observe? • Thought nerves were hollow tubes • Flowing with “life force” • Thought the liver was the bodies heater • Also very important because it had lots of tubes A little background!

  4. About 1.75 million diff living things on earth • Microscopic  Massive • Being living however we all share similar characteristics • All parts working together = living! • So what makes us “living” …? We are all alike!

  5. - Made up of cells • Need energy • - Grow & Develop • - Respond to Environment • - Reproduce • - Adaptation to Environment • Key part is … • All living things have all 6while non-living things can have some but not all We are all alike!

  6. Write these down … Hair Fish Bicycle Carrot Air Baseball TV Moss Mushroom Seeds Living Non- Living Mini Activity Seems easy but is a point of controversy!

  7. The basic unit of life! • Can perform all the processes life depends on! • All organisms made up of 1 cell minimum • All cells come from other cells Cells!

  8. Are there cells in non-living things? • What about a cork? Cell! Cont …

  9. Everything you do requires energy! • What did you do today that required energy? • Energy: the ability to make things move or change! • Plants vs. Animals = energy different ways! • Plants = • Animals • Nutrients: substances that provide the energy and materials that organisms need to grow, develop and reproduce Sun to make own food Environment around them Energy!

  10. Cells have many different chemical processes • Some use energy & some create • It needs to be balanced in order for an organism to stay alive • Metabolism: the sum (+) of all the diff. processes that happen in an organism • Is a high metabolism good or bad? Energy! Cont …

  11. Let’s say I see you sleeping in class … • *cough* LANDON! *cough* • As his teacher I’m sad  • Then I’m mad • I decide to hit Landon with my car after school • I wait patiently … Responding to Environment!

  12. Stimulus: anything that causes a response in an organism! Reaction to Environment! Cont…

  13. Response Stimulus Reaction to Environment! Cont…

  14. Growth is not exclusively size … it can also be structure • Seed growing? • So when we hit a certain point do we stop growing? • Nope! Living things are constantly in a state of repair. Growth & Development

  15. Some species also under physical/structural changes… Growth & Development

  16. All living things come from living things  Reproduction • Interesting Fact! • Reproduction is not necessary for an organism to survive but for the survival of their specific organism/species! Reproduction

  17. As you learned in Grade 7 science … • Adaptations allow organisms to live, and survive, in their respective environments • Examples…?? Adaptations

  18. Microscopes!

  19. Time for a Game …

  20. What is this? Chalk

  21. What is this? Coarse Salt

  22. What is this? Orange Juice

  23. What is this? Snow Flakes

  24. What is this? Your Pillow!

  25. What is this? Solitary Bee Larva

  26. What is this? Your Tounge

  27. What is this? Plaque

  28. What is this? Squid Suction Cups

  29. What is this? Eyelashes

  30. Smallest known functioning units of life • Rarely work alone = team! • Tissue: Cells with similar structure and function • Organs: Tissues that work together for a common purpose A flow-chart representation! Cells!

  31. Cells Tissues Organs Cell Flow-Chart

  32. Organ Systems: Group of organs that work together for a common purpose in order to keep you alive Organ Systems

  33. Structure & Function

  34. All living things have to do certain things to keep themselves alive • Gathering Food • Exchanging Gases • Movement • Living things have developed different body parts (structures) to do them • Each structure is used for a specific function (carry out task) Structure & Function

  35. Example… • Spiracles • Holes on the sides of certain insects abdomens • Adjust open/close for air intake Structure & Function

  36. Some variations are widely different: gills, wings, long arms, giant tongues, etc … • Some are subtle in the same species, specifically seen a lot on island! • Most famous islands for this? • Galapagos Island Structure & Function

  37. While on the Voyage of the Beagle they encountered the Galapagos Island • The main expedition was to survey (hydrographic survey) areas as Darwin was a geologist and loved to theorize! • Came to Galapagos and discovered unique species • Theorized his famous Darwin Theory of Evolution & Survival of the Fittest & Natural Selection Charles Darwin

  38. Cells … here we come! Cells!!

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