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The Stamp Act of 1765

The Stamp Act of 1765. Most important event leading to the American Revolution Purpose: Raise revenues to support military Provisions:

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The Stamp Act of 1765

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  1. The Stamp Act of 1765 • Most important event leading to the American Revolution • Purpose: Raise revenues to support military • Provisions: • Purchase and use special stamped paper for newspapers, customs documents, marriage certificates, death certificates, mortgages, insurance policies, liquor licenses, & playing cards. • Both Sugar Act and Stamp Act - offenders - admiralty courts • Projected revenues – 12-20% of military expenses

  2. Sugar Act Stamp Act INTERNAL TAX – levied directly on property, goods, and government services IN the colonies Raise revenue for the crown and touched everyone – if you make a will, transferred property, bought playing cards, newspapers… • EXTERNAL TAX – Levied on IMPORTS • Regulate trade, fell mainly on merchants and ship captains

  3. Grenville’s' view: • Stamp Act - reasonable and just • Colonials pay fair share for colonial defense • Stamp Act in Britain much heavier, in effect since 1695

  4. Resisting the Stamp Act • May 1765 – Patrick Henry (VA Lawyer) - Virginia Resolves • 5 of 7 resolutions adopted by House of Burgesses, including non-importation. • Claimed Virginia could only be taxed by Virginians. • "No taxation w/o representation" • Assemblies of 8 other colonies passed resolutions similar to Virginia’s.

  5. Colonies had "virtual representation" in Parliament • All British subjects were represented, even those who did not vote for members in Parliament. • Colonists dismissed "virtual representation“ • Did not really want "direct representation" (actual representation) • Would mean increased taxes (as in Britain) • Increased responsibilities to the crown • Colonial reps. would be heavily outnumbered in Parliament

  6. Stamp Act Congress (1765) • Brought together 27 delegates from 9 colonies • Statement of rights and grievances – Parliament no authority to levy taxes outside GB, deny any person jury trial • demanded end to the Stamp Act • Set precedent for future resistance to British rule. • Non-importation agreements against British goods.

  7. Grass-roots resistance (means??) • Loyal Nine – artisans, shopkeepers, businessmen in Boston • Pressure stamp collectors to resign • Why Boston??? • Andrew Oliver/Thomas Hutchinson • Sons of Liberty

  8. Sons of Liberty • Samuel Adams • Violently enforced nonimportation agreements against violators; (tarring & feathering was one painful tactic). • Late 1765 - stamp act agents were forced to resign; no one risked selling stamps.

  9. October 31, 1765 – NY merchants – BOYCOTT British goods • Other cities followed • Colonists purchased 40% of England’s manufactured goods!! • PANIC!!

  10. Stamp Act repealed in 1766 • Parliament - Declaratory Act • Way it was worded – Colonists saw it as a way to save face • Parliament saw it - right to tax colonies in the future.

  11. Quartering Act, 1765 • Provide food/quarters for British troops. • INDIRECT TAX – colonial assemblies had to raise $$ • NY – most soldiers • New York Suspending Act – NY resisting, GB threatened to nullify all laws passed by colony if assembly refused to vote supplies

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