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Middle Ages

Middle Ages. Rise in Population…. Before 1000 BCE, European diet was mostly grains. After, there was more meat, dairy, fish, vegetables, legumes. All of this nutrition led to longer life spans and longer life spans led to…. Population Boom!!!!. Population Boom Leads To….

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Middle Ages

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  1. Middle Ages

  2. Rise in Population… • Before 1000 BCE, European diet was mostly grains. After, there was more meat, dairy, fish, vegetables, legumes. • All of this nutrition led to longer life spans and longer life spans led to… Population Boom!!!!

  3. Population Boom Leads To… • Establishment of the Feudal System • Society needed some way to divide people and make sure everyone was productive • Eliminated a lot of conflict because people were born into their positions • Poor Sanitation • Sewer often ran down the streets • No central sewer system • Chamber pots… • Protection • Cities were surrounded by walls • Meant that buildings were tightly packed together, upper levels hung over the streets making it dark, fire was a risk, lots of air pollution due to the proximity of everything

  4. Urbanization Also leads to… The three Estates….Lord, knight, serf

  5. Education • First appearance of higher education • Universitas • Only for men, women not allowed to attend • Liberal arts education included the basics…grammar, rhetoric, logic, math, music, astronomy • Became the basis for our modern Associates Degree! • Lectures were the main type of teaching • Education led to the specialization of careers • Guilds • Basically like “Unions”… protected workers rights, gave them a place to talk with others who did the same job, to ally themselves with similar people

  6. Has education really changed that much in the last 700 years???? NO!!!!!

  7. The Crusades • Catholicism rose rapidly and dangerously in the Middle Ages • Wanted to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land (Palestine) from the “unbelievers”…Muslims • Series of military campaigns • First one was the only successful one • Many people died on both sides, and the goal was unclear. • Catholics were able to hold on to Jerusalem for about 15 years before Muslims reclaimed it.

  8. “Taking up the Cross”

  9. Impact of the Crusades Crusades Impact? • Cross cultural diffusion • Ancient works of Greeks and Romans • Socrates, Plato, Aristotle … • Paper (from China)… • “Arabic” numerals (from India) • St. Thomas Aquinas • Summa Theologica • rationally prove the existence of God ...

  10. Architecture Romanesque Gothic

  11. Stained Glass

  12. Gargoyles

  13. The Black Death • Bubonic Plague • Spread by black rats infested by fleas carrying the bacteria • How did sanitation impact this spread? • Usually spread followed trade routes • Of 75 Million people, possibly as many as 38 million died • Hit cities hard • In some places, entire villages disappeared • Effects • Trade declined, shortage of workers caused price of labor to rise • Lowered population lowered demand for food resulting in lower prices, fewer sanitation issues

  14. People’s Response? • Some responded by helping others, some sought to explain it through religion and punished themselves and/or others

  15. What was it like to have the Plague? • It started with a headache. Then chills and fever, which left him exhausted and prostrate. Maybe he experienced nausea, vomiting, back pain, soreness in his arms and legs. Perhaps bright light was too bright to stand. • Within a day or two, the swellings appeared. They were hard, painful, burning lumps on his neck, under his arms, on his inner thighs. Soon they turned black, split open, and began to ooze pus and blood. They may have grown to the size of an orange. • Maybe he recovered. It was possible to recover. But more than likely, death would come quickly. Yet... perhaps not quickly enough. Because after the lumps appeared he would start to bleed internally. There would be blood in his urine, blood in his stool, and blood puddling under his skin, resulting in black boils and spots all over his body.

  16. Connections  • Grey's Anatomy • In the first episode of the third season, a couple comes into the hospital because of flu symptoms … different rooms in the hospital are quarantined, and the woman in the crash dies after surgery, due to complications from the plague. • House • Episode 18 of the second season of American television show features the bubonic plague. • Don't Fear The Reaper (1976) by Blue Öyster Cult. • The line "40,000 men and women everyday... Like Romeo and Juliet - 40,000 men and women everyday... Redefine happiness - Another 40,000 coming everyday...We can be like they are" is a reference to the number of people dying daily during The Black Plague" • Romeo & Juliet • FRIAR JOHN Suspecting that we both were in a house 10 Where the infectious pestilence did reign,   Sealed up the doors and would not let us forth.   So that my speed to Mantua there was stayed. • Monty Python • “Bring out your dead!” • Popular Clichés: • “When it comes to writing, avoid clichés like the plague”

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