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The Great Schism of 1054. How did we get here?. Christianity began as one church around 33 AD with the followers/apostles of Christ. Today there are three main branches of Christianity: Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Protestant. The Normans are a Nuisance.
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How did we get here? • Christianity began as one church around 33 AD with the followers/apostles of Christ. • Today there are three main branches of Christianity: • Roman Catholic • Eastern Orthodox • Protestant
The Normans are a Nuisance • Around 1020, the Normans (or Vikings) invaded the Southern half of Italy. • Pope Leo IX of Rome tried to defeat the Normans but lost badly. • The Normans captured the Pope and began closing down churches in the Southern half of Italy, which was controlled by the Byzantine Empire.
Tension Rising • During the beginning of the 11th century, there were already tensions between the east and west. • After Diocletian divided the east and western Roman empire, they had grown apart because of distance. • When Christianity began, arguments began over which diocese should be considered the most powerful.
Starting a Fight • The Norman invasion caused problems between the east and west. • The Byzantine churches spoke Greek and had different customs than the Roman church. • The Normans made the churches they conquered use Latin rituals. • To get even, the Emperor in the east made the Latin churches over there use Eastern customs.
So What was the Big Deal? • There was already tension between the Byzantine and old Roman Empire. • The Eastern priests could marry before they became priests. Rome didn’t agree. • The Roman church used unleavened bread in their mass. The east thought this was too “Jewish”. • The Eastern church had Greek mass. The Roman Church used Latin.
More Issues than Time Magazine • The priests of the two churches dressed different. • The Eastern church worshipped icons that represented religious figures. The west saw this as idol worship.
The Two Major Issues • The Eastern churches did not like how the Pope of Rome claimed himself to be the head of the Christian church. • If anyone, the Eastern church believed the patriarch (bishop) of Constantinople should be the head. • In 1054, the final straw came when the Western Church added the filioque to their creed which included the “Holy Spirit” in the Christian Trinity.
Childish Solution • In 1054, Pope Leo IX of Rome and the Patriarch/Bishop of Constantinople decided to excommunicate each other. • Excommunication is the worst punishment a member of the Christian Church can receive. • They are not allowed to receive sacraments and have no hope of entering heaven, according to Christian beliefs.
Creation of a New Church • The result of the 1054 Schism is the division between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church. • The word Orthodox means dedication to the traditional faith. • The Eastern church believed that they followed traditional Christian beliefs and unlike the Roman church with they viewed as greedy and too close to Judaism.
Main beliefs of Eastern Orthodox Church • Eastern Orthodox Christians are not considered Apostolic (key word “apostle) because they don’t follow the divinity of St. Peter. • They do not recognize the supremacy of the Pope. • The two churches have never gotten back together but did reconcile their differences in the 1900s.
