Rome Expands It’s Borders

1. Rome Expands It’s Borders Chapter 7 Section 2

2. Review • What natural barrier protects Italy in the North? • who made up most of the population in Rome? • How did the Romans gain loyalty of conquered people of nearby cities? • Who prompted theengraving of the Roman laws on the Twelve Tables?

3. Rome Fights Carthage • By the mid 200’s BC the Roman republic controlled all of the Italian Peninsula • Carthage a city on the coast of N. Africa was once a Phoenician colony • {Carthage which was a great commercial power spanned the Mediterranean and had colonies and markets on Sicily.} • As the Romans moved into southern Italy the Carthaginians feared they would take Sicily • The Romans feared Carthage’s navy would control the Mediterranean and prevent Roman expansion overseas. • This led to three conflicts between the countries

5. The First Punic War • Carthage vs. Rome 264 BC • Rome at first had no navy but quickly built one • Rome commandeered a Carthaginian ship and replicated it to build their own navy. • Rome employed land war tactics at sea • After ramming Carthaginian ships They lowered “boarding bridges” To allow soldiers to board. • After 23 years of war Carthage asked for peace • In addition to a large sum of $ for damages Rome won Sicily

7. The Second Punic War • Appx. 20 years later in 218 BC, in Spain, Hannibal assembled a great Carthaginian army that included, infantry, horses & elephants. • The army marched across the Alps into Italy • Despite the many lives lost in the journey, Rome was continually pushed back by Hannibal’s army • But Hannibal did not have the equipment to attack the cities so… • he spent his time riding up and down the Italian boot laying waste to the countryside • They took crops and livestock and terrorized farmers

9. {The second Punic war changes • Rome turned the tables by invading Africa and attacking Carthage.} • Carthage ordered Hannibal home to defend the city.

10. The real Hannibal

11. {Second Punic War Continued • In Africa Hannibal met his match in a general named Scipio} • Scipio and the Romans defeated Hannibal and his army • Thanks to this victory not only did Rome acquire yet again more $ but also most of the Carthaginian navy and their colonies in Spain • Making them the most powerful force in the western Mediterranean • Carthage remained independent, but lost all of its power

12. The Third Punic War • Although Carthage was no longer a threat many still hated the city. Rome later decided to decimate the city anyway • In 149 BC Rome declared war on its old enemy • Carthage was defeated in only 3 years • As a bit of revenge, Rome then started a war with one of Carthage’s allies from the second Punic war Macedonia and defeated them as well • The cities came under Roman “protection” • This extended Rome’s control and power over the entire region

14. The Problems of Expansion • Because Rome controlled such a large area the Republic and their government had to change • {The Punic Wars increased the size of Rome and increased the power of the Senate} • The senate now controlled the army and the foreign policy • The nobles gained even more power • {The people Rome conquered became “subjects” of Rome} • This did not make them citizens or allies of Rome but they had a governor that was backed by the Roman army

15. Continued • Some of the governors took bribes and paid little attention to the needs of the people • And tax collectors wanted to take as much of the provinces money as they could • The Romans also had problems at home • When the farmer soldiers returned home they found their farms in ruin and no money to restore their farms • They had to sell their lands and as time passed Rome came dependent on importing grain from their provinces

17. More Money More Problems • Many farmers moved from the country into the cities • They couldn’t all find jobs and most became dependent on their government for food • {Trade within Rome’s vast empire created a class of business people and landowners calledequites} • They had great wealth and political influence and the gap between the rich and poor, the powerful and the powerless continued to grow

18. Review • In Africa Hannibal met his match in a general named ______? • What increased the size of Rome and increased the power of the Senate? • What happened to the people Rome conquered? • What natural barrier protects Italy in the North? • Who prompted theengraving of the Roman laws on the Twelve Tables?

19. The End?