CS 1024 - Computing for Business

1. CS 1024 - Computing for Business Instructor: David Tucker GTA: Batul Mirza CS 1024

2. Overview of the Course • Syllabus • Use of computers in business • Introduction to programming using COBOL CS 1024

3. Brief Introduction to Computers • Computer hardware • PC & components • Mainframes • Computer software • Programs which cause a computer to carry out a task • Sequential instructions • Processes data • Examples • Data • Raw fact • Information • Organized and processed • Form that is meaningful CS 1024

4. Types of Processing • Batch processing • Submit a job – wait – get results • Ex. Monthly payroll processing • Posting to general the ledger • Validation checks • Interactive processing • Interaction with a computer through a terminal • Personal computer CS 1024

5. Business Data Processing • COBOL : common business oriented language • Characteristics of B.D.P. • Many large data files • Relatively few computations • Lots of reports • Typical tasks of B.D.P. • Rearrange data • Change data’s appearance • Compare data items • Locate items • Summarize • Tabulate • Combine data CS 1024

6. Algorithm • A natural language statement of a systematic procedure for solving a problem. • Algorithm Characteristics • Must terminate • Have zero or more inputs • Have one or more outputs • Each step unambiguous CS 1024

7. Examples of Algorithms • Add 2 numbers • Get num1 • Get num2 • Sum <- num1 + num2 • Write sum • Calculate Pay • Get rate of pay • Get hours worked • pay <- rate_of_pay * hours worked • Write pay CS 1024

8. Languages • Machine • 0 & 1s only • Low-level • Assembly • Managing memory • High-level • COBOL, C, Pascal • Machine does the work of translating • Natural language • English • Spanish CS 1024

9. COBOL Features • English-like • Self-documenting “sort of” • Data declaration “location” • File structure • Records • Fixed decimal data handling • Separates machine independent and machine dependant parts “Environment Division” CS 1024

10. Data Organization • Data is composed of 3 types of characters • Digits or numeric characters (0,1,…9) • Letters or alphabetic characters (A,B,…Z) • Special characters (coma, decimal point, equal sign, space, etc.) • Field hold a piece of information • Alphanumeric field • Numeric field • Record • Related fields • File • Records that are used together CS 1024

11. Programming Specifications • Program name • Narrative or additional info • Input File(s) • Input Record Layout • Fields in which location of the row • Data • Report Layout • Processing Requirement • File • Filtering • Printing CS 1024

12. Logic • Write out the logic before you start coding • Pseudocode • Flow chart CS 1024

13. Divisions of a COBOL Program • IDENTIFICATION DIVISION – provides basic information about the program such as a name • ENVIRONMENT DIVISION – Specifies the computer hardware that is to be used when the program is compiled and executed CS 1024

14. Divisions Cont. • DATA DIVISION – defines the characteristics of the files, records, and fields to be used in the program. • File section • FD (file description) • SELECT statement • Level numbers • Relation to each other 01 – record description entry 05 – field entry • Record description • Working-storage section • Define data that does not appear in the input or output. CS 1024

15. Divisions Cont. • PROCEDURE DIVISION – specifies the processing steps to be followed by the computer when the program is executed. • Paragraphs (procedures) • PERFORM statement • IF statement • READ statement • Test data CS 1024

16. Elements of COBOL • Reserved words • Programmer-supplied names • Paragraph names • Data names • File names • Literals • Numeric • Non numeric • Symbols • Punctuation • Arithmetic • Relational • Level numbers • Pictures CS 1024