What is Change

1. (7)  Geography. The student understands the impact of interactions between people and the physical environment on the development and conditions of places and regions. The student is expected to: • (A)  identify and analyze ways people have adapted to the physical environment in various places and regions; • (B)  identify and analyze ways people have modified the physical environment such as mining, irrigation, and transportation infrastructure; and • (C)  describe ways in which technology influences human interactions with the environment such as humans building dams for flood control.

2. What is Change

3. Think About It • What things do you believe change over time? • What things do you think remain the same over time?

4. What Causes Change

5. What causes change? • You grow up • War or conflict • Trade • Exploration • Colonization • Curiosity • Intelligence • Optimism • You need to make a change • Cultural interaction etc.

6. Is change good or bad?

7. Types of Change Adaptation and Modification • Adaptation:a personal choice to change one self to fit with new environments or uses • Modification:to change something in your environments in order to improve it for your purposes.

8. Modification and infrastructure • Infrastructure- the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise • Examples: buildings, roads, sewer systems, power lines • Infrastructure is how we modify

9. Can Change be stopped? • What do you think and why? • Take 1 minute to write some of the ideas your classmates have shared.

10. Costs & BenefitsREMEMBER • Benefits are positive things that happen when change occurs. • Cost are the negative things that happen when change occurs.

11. "The extraordinary greatness of the Roman Empire manifests itself above all in three things: the aqueducts, the paved roads, and the construction of the drains.“ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities

13. Roman Aqueductfound inFrance

14. Roman Aqueducts • Built by the Roman Empire • Supplied water to cities and industrial sites • Started several 1,000 years ago • Built throughout the Roman Empire • Most were below the ground. • Powered by gravity • Discuss: How the aqueducts are an example of modification and adaptation?

15. What were the costs and benefits for building the aqueducts? Costs: labor, constantly needed to be maintained, expensive at the time, animals died in them, technology was needed, disrupted the environment, cities became very large, etc. Benefits: water for the heavily populated areas, fresh clean water, disease free water, cities and industrial areas enlarged, new technology was developed, new technology caused other inventions to happen, cities could enlarge and more trade and specialization happened, etc.

16. Roman Streets

18. Roman Streets All roads lead to Rome • Begun in 312 BC • Huge network of roads that connected the Roman Empire • Used by Roman soldiers, merchants, government officials, technicians • Parts still exist and are in use today

19. Cultural Borrowing • The definition of cultural borrowing is taking ideas and practices from another culture, ethic group or religion. http://www.yourdictionary.com/cultural-borrowing

20. How are roads and example of modification and cultural borrowing? Modification • changed the natural environment, • changed the technique learned from other people • changed the way people traveled, traded, and supplied troops throughout the Roman Empire. Cultural Borrowing: • Romans borrowed the idea of road construction from other groups • borrowed the idea of cement from ancient people • borrowed the items they were trading as they traveled on the roads

21. Canals - Gondolas

26. Canals of Venice • Begun in the 5th century • Venice is a city made of 118 small islands • 150 canals are the streets of Venice • 400 pedestrian bridges • Use gondolas and vaporettos (water taxis) • The city is sinking! • Why has the location of Venice historically made it a hub for cultural diffusion?

27. Why has the location of Venice historically made it a hub of cultural diffusion? • It became a major port for trade. Why? • Pilgrimages to the Holy Land were offered from Venice. Why?

28. Polders

29. Polders • Netherlands once called Holland • Much of the Netherlands is below sea level • Dikes – canals – windmills (pumps) were built to control flooding • Idea began in ancient Mesopotamia • Begun in 1200s A.D. in Netherlands & Belgium • Dry land created by this system = polders • “God created the world, but the Dutch created Holland”

30. Diagram of the Chunnel

31. Chunnel Tunnel Station

32. Chunnel • Cost = $21 billion • Begun in 1988 • Boring machines were as long as 2 football fields • Bored a distance of 250 ft. per day • Connects Flokestone, England to Calais, France • 31 miles long (23 under sea, 8 under land) • 131 ft. below the English Channel • It takes 30 minutes to cross the English Channel using the Chunnel Carries • The Channel Chunnel is used by both passengers and freight

33. Costs & Benefits of change • What are positive things/benefits that can happen when change occurs? • What are negative things/costs that can happen when change occurs? • We call the positive and negative results from change: COSTS & BENEFITS

34. Notebook Reflection Pg. 67 1. How does economic development lead to modifications of the physical environment? 2. Are these changes good or bad for the future of mankind? 3. Write a clear explanation predicting what changes you believe will happen in the next 50 years. How will life be different?