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Chapter Three Network Protocols

Chapter Three Network Protocols. By JD McGuire. ARP. Address Resolution Protocol

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Chapter Three Network Protocols

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  1. Chapter ThreeNetwork Protocols By JD McGuire

  2. ARP • Address Resolution Protocol • The core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs in the Internet Layer. It obtains the MAC (physical) address of a host or node and then creates a local database that maps the MAC address to the host’s IP (logical) address.

  3. Apple Talk • The protocol suite used to interconnect Macintosh computers. Although AppleTalk was originally designed to support peer-to-peer networking among Macintoshes, it can now be routed between network segments and integrated with NetWare or Microsoft based networks.

  4. AppleTalk Network Number • A unique 16-bit number that identifies the network to which an AppleTalk node is connected.

  5. AppleTalk Node ID • A unique 8-bit or 16-bit (if using a extended networking, in which a network can have multiple addresses and support multiple zones) number that identifies a computer on an AppleTalk network.

  6. AppleTalk Zone • Logical Groups of computers defined on an AppleTalk Network.

  7. Binding • The process of assigning one network component to work with another.

  8. Broadcast • A transmission to all stations on a network.

  9. Connection-Oriented • A feature of some protocols that requires the establishment of a connection between communicating nodes before the node will transmit data.

  10. Connectionless • A feature of some protocols that allows the protocol to service a request without requiring a verified session and without guaranteeing delivery of data.

  11. Domain Name • The symbolic name that identifies an Internet domain. • Usually a domain name is associated with a company or other type of organization such as a university or military unit.

  12. DHCP • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • An Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite that manages the dynamic distribution of IP addresses on a network. • Using a DHCP to assign IP addresses can nearly eliminate duplicate addressing problems

  13. External Network Number • Another term for the network address portion of an IPX/SPX address

  14. FTP • File Transfer Protocol • An Application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP.

  15. Firewall • A specialized device (typically a router, but possibly only a PC running special software) that selectively filters or blocks traffic between networks. • A firewall may be strictly hardware-based, or it may involve a combination of hardware and software.

  16. Host • A computer connected to a network that uses the TCP/IP protocol.

  17. Internet Control Message Protocol • A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that notifies the sender that something has gone wrong in the transmission process and that packets are not delivered.

  18. IP • Internet Protocol • A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs to the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model and provides information about how and where data should be delivered. • IP is the subprotocol that enables TCP/IP to internetwork.

  19. Internetwork • To transverse more than one LAN segment and more than one type of network through a router.

  20. IPX • Internetwork Packet Exchange • A core protocol of the IPX/SPX suite that operates at the Network layer of the OSI Model and provides routing and internetwork services, similar to IP in the TCP/IP suite.

  21. IPX/SPX • Internetwork Packet ExchangeSequenced Packet Exchange • A protocol originally developed by Xerox, then modified and adopted by Novell in the 1980’s for the NetWare network operating system.

  22. InterNIC • The authority for Internet IP addressing and domain name registration. Also known as Network Solutions.

  23. IP Address • A logical address used in TCP/IP networking. This unique 32-bit number is divided into four groups of octets, or 8-bit bytes, that are separated by periods.

  24. IP Datagram • The IP portion of a TCP/IP frame that acts as an envelope for data, holding information necessary for routers to transfer data between subnets.

  25. IPX Address • An address assigned to a device on an IPX/SPX network.

  26. Loopback Address • An IP address reserved for communicating from a node to itself (used mostly for testing purposes). The value of the loopback address is always 127.0.0.1.

  27. Multiprotocol Network • A network that uses more than one protocol.

  28. NetBEUI • NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface • Microsoft’s adaptation of IBM’s NetBIOS protocol. NetBEUI expands on NetBIOS by adding an Application layer component. • NetBEUI is a fast and efficient protocol that consumes few network resources, provides excellent error correction and requires little configuration.

  29. NCP • NetWare Core Protocol • One of the core protocols of the IPX/SPX suite. NCP handles requests for services, such as printing and file access, between clients and servers.

  30. Octet • One of the four 8-bit bytes that are separated by periods and together make up an IP address.

  31. Port • The address on a host where an application makes itself available to incoming data.

  32. Protocol • The rules a network uses to transfer data. • Protocols ensure that data is transferred whole, in sequence, and without error from one node on a network to another.

  33. Routable • Protocols that can span more than one LAN segment because they carry Network layer and addressing information that can be interpreted by a router.

  34. Routing Protocols • Protocols that assist routers in efficiently managing information flow.

  35. SPX • Sequence Packet Exchange • One of the core protocols in the IPX/SPX suite. • SPX belongs to the Transport layer of the OSI Model. • SPX works in tandem with IPX to ensure that data are received whole, in sequence, and error free.

  36. SAP • Service Advertising Protocol • A core protocol in the IPX/SPX suite that works in the Application, Presentation, Session, and Transport layers of the OSI Model and runs directly over IPX. • NetWare servers and routers use SAP to advertise to the entire network which services they can provide.

  37. SMTP • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol • The protocol responsible for moving messages from one e-mail server to another over the Internet and other TCP/IP based networks.

  38. SNMP • Simple Network Management Protocol • A communication protocol used to manage devices on a TCP/IP network.

  39. Socket • A logical address assigned to a specific process running on a computer. • Some sockets are reserved for operating system functions.

  40. Static IP Address • An IP address that is manually assigned to a device.

  41. Subnets • In an Internetwork, the individual networks that are joined together and belong to a protocol suite are called subnets.

  42. Subprotocols • Small, specialized protocols that work together and belong to a protocol suite.

  43. TCP Segment • The portion of a TCP/IP packet that holds TCP data fields and becomes encapsulated by the IP datagram.

  44. TCP/IP Core Protocols • The subprotocols of the TCP/IP suite.

  45. Telnet • A terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol. • Telnet resides in the Application layer of the TCP/IP suite.

  46. TCP • Transport Control Protocol • A core protocol of the TCP/IP suite. TCP belongs to the Transport layer and provides reliable data delivery services.

  47. UDP • User Datagram Protocol • A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that sits in the Transport layer, between the internet layer and the Application layer of the TCP/IP model. • UDP is a connectionless transport service.

  48. THE END Have A Nice Day !

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