Atomic Energy

1. Atomic Energy Chapter 16 Preview CRCT Preparation

2. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 1. Which of the following nuclear processes is occurring in the diagram? Aalpha decay Bbeta decay Cnuclear fission Dnuclear fusion

3. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 1. Which of the following nuclear processes is occurring in the diagram? Aalpha decay Bbeta decay C nuclear fission Dnuclear fusion

4. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 2. In a fission reaction, the total mass of the products does not equal the total mass of the reactants. Why? ASome of the energy changes into matter when nuclei join together. BSome of the energy changes into matter when the nucleus breaks apart. CSome of the matter changes into energy when nuclei join together. DSome of the matter changes into energy when the nucleus breaks apart.

5. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 2. In a fission reaction, the total mass of the products does not equal the total mass of the reactants. Why? ASome of the energy changes into matter when nuclei join together. BSome of the energy changes into matter when the nucleus breaks apart. CSome of the matter changes into energy when nuclei join together. D Some of the matter changes into energy when the nucleus breaks apart.

6. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 3. Who is credited with discovering radioactivity? AMarie Curie BPierre Curie CHenri Becquerel DAlbert Einstein

7. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 3. Who is credited with discovering radioactivity? AMarie Curie BPierre Curie C Henri Becquerel DAlbert Einstein

8. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 4. What type of radioactive decay causes a uranium-238 nucleus to change into a thorium-234 nucleus? Aalpha decay Bbeta decay that releases an electron Cbeta decay that releases a positron Dgamma decay

9. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 4. What type of radioactive decay causes a uranium-238 nucleus to change into a thorium-234 nucleus? A alpha decay Bbeta decay that releases an electron Cbeta decay that releases a positron Dgamma decay

10. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 5. Ernesto wants to build a shield that he can stand behind that will block gamma rays. Which material should he use? Aseveral sheets of paper Bseveral sheets of aluminum foil Cseveral pieces of cloth Dseveral centimeters of lead

11. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 5. Ernesto wants to build a shield that he can stand behind that will block gamma rays. Which material should he use? Aseveral sheets of paper Bseveral sheets of aluminum foil Cseveral pieces of cloth D several centimeters of lead

12. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 6. Ellen has a 40 g sample of nitrogen-13. The half-life of nitrogen-13 is 10 minutes. What is the mass of nitrogen-13 in Ellen’s sample after 40 minutes? A2.5 g B5.0 g C13 g D20 g

13. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 6. Ellen has a 40 g sample of nitrogen-13. The half-life of nitrogen-13 is 10 minutes. What is the mass of nitrogen-13 in Ellen’s sample after 40 minutes? A 2.5 g B5.0 g C13 g D20 g

14. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 7. A scientist has a sample of an unknown radioactive isotope. After 70 days, the sample contains one-fourth of the original amount of the radioactive isotope. What is the identity of the isotope? Acerium-141 Bniobium-95 Cruthenium-103 Dstrontium-89

15. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 7. A scientist has a sample of an unknown radioactive isotope. After 70 days, the sample contains one-fourth of the original amount of the radioactive isotope. What is the identity of the isotope? Acerium-141 B niobium-95 Cruthenium-103 Dstrontium-89

16. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 8. A nuclear chain reaction is a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions. Chain reactions in nuclear power plants are controlled by inserting control rods in the nuclear reactor. How do control rods work? AControl rods absorb excess uranium-235. BControl rods absorb emitted barium-142. CControl rods absorb excess energy. DControl rods absorb emitted neutrons.

17. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 8. A nuclear chain reaction is a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions. Chain reactions in nuclear power plants are controlled by inserting control rods in the nuclear reactor. How do control rods work? AControl rods absorb excess uranium-235. BControl rods absorb emitted barium-142. CControl rods absorb excess energy. D Control rods absorb emitted neutrons.

18. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 9. Which of the following is a difference between a fission reaction and a fusion reaction? AFission is a “clean” source of energy, but fusion produces a great amount of radioactive waste. BA fission reaction releases beta particles, but a fusion reaction releases alpha particles. CEnergy from a fission reaction is released when a nucleus breaks apart, but energy from a fusion reaction is released when nuclei join. DA fission reaction requires very high temperatures, but a fusion reaction does not.

19. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 9. Which of the following is a difference between a fission reaction and a fusion reaction? AFission is a “clean” source of energy, but fusion produces a great amount of radioactive waste. BA fission reaction releases beta particles, but a fusion reaction releases alpha particles. C Energy from a fission reaction is released when a nucleus breaks apart, but energy from a fusion reaction is released when nuclei join. DA fission reaction requires very high temperatures, but a fusion reaction does not.

20. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 10. Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary is located off the coast of Georgia. Scientists have studied fossils in the area around Gray’s Reef and have determined the age of the fossils using carbon-14 dating. Explain how carbon-14 dating works.

21. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 10. Answer – A half-life is the amount of time needed for one-half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to decay. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. Scientists can measure the amount of carbon-14 in a fossil to determine how much of the carbon-14 has decayed and thus how many half-lives have passed. Scientists then multiply the number of half-lives that have passed by 5,730 years to determine the age of the fossils.

22. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 11. Imagine that your city is planning to build a new power plant to supply electrical energy to the city. Some residents support building a power plant that uses fossil fuels. Other residents support building a nuclear power plant that will use energy from fission reactions. Describe two advantages and two disadvantages to building a nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel power plant.

23. CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 11. Answer - Full-credit answers should include two advantages and two disadvantages from the following lists: • Advantages of building a nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel power plant include: • Nuclear power plants cost less to run than plants that use fossil fuels. • Nuclear power plants do not release gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. • The use of nuclear power plants allows the supply of fossil fuels to last longer. • Disadvantages of building a nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel power plant include: • An accident in a nuclear power plant may release dangerous radioactive material into the atmosphere. • Nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste. • Nuclear power plants are more expensive to build than fossil fuel power plants.