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The Brain

The Brain. The story of Phineas Gage How his tragic story lead to new scientific discoveries about the human brain!! Answer the following in your comp book How did Phineas Gage change after the accident?

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The Brain

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  1. The Brain

  2. The story of Phineas Gage • How his tragic story lead to new scientific discoveries about the human brain!! Answer the following in your comp book • How did Phineas Gage change after the accident? 2. How did Phineas Gage’s accident change scientists’ understanding of the brain

  3. The Nervous System 2 parts • CNS = Central Nervous system • PNS = Peripheral Nervous system

  4. Central Nervous system 1. Brain • Average brain = 3-4 lbs. • 100 billion nerve cells (neurons) 2. Spinal Cord • Housed by vertebral column

  5. Peripheral Nervous system • Leading out from the CNS to specific parts of the body 1. Nerves • 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch off to the body 2. Receptors 3. Muscles 4. Glands

  6. 3 Main Sections of the Brain • Reptilian – most primitive • Limbic – emotions • Cerebrum – most advanced

  7. Check your understanding… • Name the 2 parts of your NERVOUS SYSTEM • What two things make up your CENTRAL NS? • What 4 things make up your PERIPHERAL NS? • Name the 3 main regions of the brain

  8. Reptilian: Brain Stem • Midbrain – vision, hearing • Pons –consciousness, sleep • Medulla oblongata – heart rate & breathing • (vital signs)

  9. Reptilian: Cerebellum • Functions below level of conscious thought • Involuntary • Coordination • Balance May play a role in schizophrenia, ADHD, autism, and other psychiatric disorders

  10. Limbic Brain“Emotional Brain”

  11. Limbic: Corpus Callosum • Communication between right and left brain Electrical signal problems cause epilepsy

  12. Limbic :Hypothalamus • Primitive emotions such as fear and danger • Thirst, hunger

  13. Limbic :Thalamus • Sensory integration • Spatial sense

  14. Limbic: Amygdala and Hippocampus • Amygdala: • “decodes” emotions, especially anything threatening • Hippocampus: • Learning • Emotional memories…FEAR • Video: start at 3:30 *Hippocampus and amygdala work together to produce anxiety and related disorders

  15. Cerebrum • Most advanced – conscious brain • Largest part of the brain • Intelligence/Reasoning • Memory • Language • Personality • Senses • Divided into 2 halves • Left & Right brain

  16. Cerebrum continued… • Surface is greatly folded to increase surface area

  17. LEFT BRAIN: logical, rational, analytical

  18. RIGHT BRAIN: • Creative, random, intuitive

  19. Check your understanding… • LIST the 3 main parts of the BRAIN • Name the brain part: • Thirst/hunger • Vision, hearing • Anxiety • Fear • Sensory integration • Coordination/balance • Vital signs • Schizophrenia, autism, etc. • Right/left connection • Consciousness, sleep • Intelligence, reasoning

  20. Dancer : right/left brain • EXTRA CREDIT OP: left / right brain quiz

  21. Cat brain….

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