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CHAPTER 4: MANY WORLDS (Cultures): GEOGRAPHIES OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

CHAPTER 4: MANY WORLDS (Cultures): GEOGRAPHIES OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE. Introduction. How geographic differences are influenced by culture World view affects perceptions and perceptions affect behavior – Foundational assumptions, attitudes, religion & cosmology

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CHAPTER 4: MANY WORLDS (Cultures): GEOGRAPHIES OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

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  1. CHAPTER 4: MANY WORLDS (Cultures):GEOGRAPHIES OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

  2. Introduction • How geographic differences are influenced by culture • World view affects perceptions and perceptions affect behavior – • Foundational assumptions, attitudes, religion & cosmology • Segregation in the United States • Pejorative and racist place-names

  3. Introduction • How geographic differences develop • Cultural differences over short distances—example of south Florida • Effects of globalization

  4. Introduction • Cultural Geographies • No single way of seeing land and landscape • Places experienced differently between men and women • Relation to self and belonging

  5. Many cultures • Increasing influence of globalization • First use of word culture in the fifteenth century • Term folkculture is invented – relic • Example: Amish, Cajun, Gullah,Garifina (Central Americ) • Subcultures – age, economic, regional • Examples: “Baby Boomers,” Bikers, Senior Citizens, etc.

  6. Origin of Folk culture • Social custom originates at a hearth • Origin of folk customs • Anonymous hearths • Unknown date • Unidentified originators • FOLK SONGS • Content derived from everyday life • Tell a story – historic event or struggle • 16 Tona

  7. 16 Tons • Some people say a man is made outta mudA poor man's made outta muscle and bloodMuscle and blood and skin and bonesA mind that's a-weak and a back that's strongYou load sixteen tons, what do you getAnother day older and deeper in debtSaint Peter don't you call me 'cause I can't goI owe my soul to the company store

  8. I was born one mornin' when the sun didn't shineI picked up my shovel and I walked to the mineI loaded sixteen tons of number nine coalAnd the straw boss said "Well, a-bless my soul"You load sixteen tons, what do you getAnother day older and deeper in debtSaint Peter don't you call me 'cause I can't goI owe my soul to the company storeI was born one mornin', it was drizzlin' rainFightin' and trouble are my middle nameI was raised in the canebrake by an ol' mama lionCain't no-a high-toned woman make me walk the line

  9. Maintaining folk culture by immigrants in a new land. The Human Mosaic

  10. Ethnic minority drummers in China The Human Mosaic

  11. Amish in Pennsylvania

  12. Amish Settlements

  13. Amish Diffusion • Interregional migration • Every adult son is to receive a farm • Finite quantity of suitable land in Lancaster, Pennsylvania • Movement to places where farmland prices are lower and land is available • Christian & Todd counties in Kentucky • To escape tourists who come to gawk The Human Mosaic

  14. Many cultures • Classifying culture traits • Material culture • Examples: distinctive tools, utensils, furniture, etc. • Nonmaterial culture (conscious & subconscious) • Examples: attitudes, objectives, mores, biases & prejudices

  15. Material Culture traits (objects): Sicilian Wedding Cart The Human Mosaic

  16. Many cultures • Classifying cultures • Folk culture (common characteristics) • Maintaining a way of life the way it was in the past • Rural people • Cohesive • Order maintained through religion or family • Folk geography • Examples: Amish, Cajun,

  17. Many cultures • Classifying cultures • Popular culture • Originates at a particular time & Place • Usually has a known originator • Mainly in urban areas • Access to media – particularly the Internet • Cash economy • Tends to change & respond to fads Trendsetters: the Beetles Chinese Punk Rock Band

  18. Hip-Hop culture – distinctive dress w/bling The Human Mosaic

  19. Globalization of Hip-Hop: Tokyo Urban Hip-Hop The Human Mosaic

  20. Hip-Hop art: mural on exhibition The Human Mosaic

  21. Many cultures • Classifying cultures • Popular culture • Family structure weak • Examples of outside influences • Media • Internet • Secular institutions of authority • Beetles more popular than Jesus according to John Lennon • Opinions of peers trumps that of parents or religious or educational institutions

  22. Ainu on Hokkaido, Japan Australian Aborigines • Classifying cultures • Indigenous culture • Native • Convention of indigenous and tribal peoples • Somewhat like folk cultures except by origin • Live in colonized homelands • Examples in USA?

  23. Folk & Popular sports • Modern spectator sports – examples of popular culture • Soccer • Began as a British folk sport 11th century • Became a popular sport (globalization) • Diffused to Europe 19th century • Spread with European imperialism • The World Cup is a major international event

  24. Surviving folk sports • Britain & former colonies – cricket • Ice Hockey – Canada, N. Europe, & Russia • China – martial arts • Baseball – North America, Japan, Dominican Republic • Football – grew out of modified rugby in U.S. • Lacrosse – developed from an Iroquois game & spread to Canada, U.S., England & Australia

  25. Regions of difference House Type Diffusion • Material folk culture regions • Vestiges of folk culture remain in the United States • House types • Example of African-American culture • Mormon

  26. Diffusion of New England house types The Human Mosaic

  27. Florissant, MO – French house types

  28. The Human Mosaic

  29. French vertical log cabins in St. Genevieve, MO

  30. The Human Mosaic

  31. Regions of difference • Material folk culture regions • Example: Québec French folk region, Cajun Louisiana • Can be a force for dissolution or devolution in multi-national states such as Canada • Large number of people • Located primarily in one large province

  32. The Human Mosaic

  33. Britain has granted Scotland its own parliament and Wales may follow. Sometimes granting greater autonomy can stave off a full scale revolt and independence. The Human Mosaic

  34. Regions of difference • Is popular culture placeless? • Greater mobility • Less attachment to place • Geographer Weiss—identified 40 “lifestyle clusters” in the United States • Used zip codes • Subcultures

  35. Andean Village • Indigenous culture regions • Generally located in more remote areas • Example of “Hill Tribes” of South Asia • Persist in Central America—example: Mayan culture region • Andean region of South America

  36. Mayan Hut The Human Mosaic

  37. Pamfillo, 18-yr-old Mayan young man in Belize with Jesuit priest Fr. Rich Buhler. Pamfillo was raised in a home like the one in the previous slide.

  38. Folk and Popular food Customs German Mett....raw pork marinated with spices and onions...yumz! • Food and drink • Customs influenced by environment conditions • People accept or reject foods for cultural (often religious) reasons • Vary from place to place in the United States: preferred types & names of common types • The South • The North • Fast-food consumption spatial variations

  39. Environmental Influences Pan-fried tofu • Fuel scarcity • Soybeans – toxic when eaten raw • Changed when cooked but uses much energy • Asian solutions – don’t cook • Soy sauce (fermented) • Bean curd (steamed) • Bean sprouts (germinated seeds) • Southern Europe – quick frying uses less fuel • Northern Europe – no shortage of fuel (wood) • Foods prepared by slow stewing & roasting • Also provided home heat in a cold climate

  40. Food & Drink Taboos • Often embedded in religions • May reflect environmental concerns • Vegans, etc. • Jews from eating pork & some other animals • Kosher preparation guidelines • Certain mixtures are to be avoided • Muslims • Pork & alcohol • Hindus • Sanctions against eating beef • Many are vegetarians

  41. World wine production

  42. Wine • Distribution is environmentally influenced • Requirements for wine grapes • Soil coarse & well drained • Climate – best where precipitation comes in the winter (Mediterranean climate) • Exposure to sun planted on hillsides • South-facing in the northern hemisphere • North facing in the southern hemisphere

  43. Popular Clothing preferences • More Developed Countries (MDCs) • Choices reflect occupation & income rather than environment • More affected by globalization (media) • LDCs & folk cultures • More influenced by environment and local/regional cultures & religions

  44. The Human Mosaic

  45. Jeans: America’s great contribution • Diffusion of Western (U.S.) popular culture • Produced all over the world • People pay premium prices for Levi Strauss – even used pairs • Worn everywhere

  46. The Human Mosaic

  47. Jeans

  48. Diffusion of Popular Media • Television is “King” • Internet may be heir apparent

  49. Regions of difference • Popular music • Easily viewed and obtained from modern m edia • Different styles of music reveal geographical patterns – particularly folk and indigenous music • Cajun: Doug Kershaw http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2h2s5_doug-kershaw-mensonge-de-la-fouille_extreme • Example of Elvis Presley • Changed the nature and performance of popular music on a world-wide scale • Likewise, the Beetles world-wide influence

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