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Evolution and History of Programming Languages Software/Hardware/System

Evolution and History of Programming Languages Software/Hardware/System. Software Programming Language. History Timeline. Popularity. The Evolution of Programming Languages.

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Evolution and History of Programming Languages Software/Hardware/System

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  1. Evolution and History of Programming LanguagesSoftware/Hardware/System

  2. Software Programming Language

  3. History Timeline

  4. Popularity

  5. The Evolution of Programming Languages • To build programs, people use languages that are similar to human language. The results are translated into machine code, which computers understand. • Programming languages fall into three broad categories: • Machine languages • Assembly languages • Higher-level languages

  6. The Evolution of Programming Languages - Machine Languages • Machine languages (first-generation languages) are the most basic type of computer languages, consisting of strings of numbers the computer's hardware can use. • Different types of hardware use different machine code. For example, IBM computers use different machine language than Apple computers.

  7. The Evolution of Programming Languages - Assembly Languages • Assembly languages (second-generation languages) are only somewhat easier to work with than machine languages. • To create programs in assembly language, developers use cryptic English-like phrases to represent strings of numbers. • The code is then translated into object code, using a translator called an assembler.

  8. Assembly code Assembler Object code

  9. The Evolution of Programming Languages - Higher-Level Languages • Higher-level languages are more powerful than assembly language and allow the programmer to work in a more English-like environment. • Higher-level programming languages are divided into three "generations," each more powerful than the last: • Third-generation languages • Fourth-generation languages • Fifth-generation languages

  10. Higher-Level Languages - Third-Generation Languages • Third-generation languages (3GLs) are the first to use true English-like phrasing, making them easier to use than previous languages. • 3GLs are portable, meaning the object code created for one type of system can be translated for use on a different type of system. • The following languages are 3GLs: FORTRAN C COBOL C++ BASIC Java Pascal ActiveX

  11. Phases of C Programs: 1. Program is created in the editor and stored on disk Editor Disk 2. Preprocessor program processes the code Preprocessor Disk 3. Compiler creates object code and stores it on disk. Compiler Disk Linker Disk 4. Linker links the object code with the libraries Primary Memory Loader 5. Loader puts program in memory. Disk Primary Memory CPU 6. CPU takes each instruction and executes it, possibly storing new data values as the program executes A Typical C Program Development Environment 1. Edit 2. Preprocess 3. Compile 4. Link 5. Load 6. Execute

  12. Higher-Level Languages - Fourth-Generation Languages • Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are even easier to use than 3GLs. • 4GLs may use a text-based environment (like a 3GL) or may allow the programmer to work in a visual environment, using graphical tools. • The following languages are 4GLs: Visual Basic (VB) VisualAge Authoring environments

  13. Higher-Level Languages - Fifth-Generation Languages • Fifth-generation languages (5GLs) are an issue of debate in the programming community – some programmers cannot agree that they even exist. • These high-level languages would use artificial intelligence to create software, making 5GLs extremely difficult to develop. • Solve problems using constraints rather than algorithms, used in Artificial Intelligence

  14. Summary

  15. Hardware Description Language HDL

  16. HDL • What and why HDL??

  17. Hardware Description Language • Basic idea is a programming language to describe hardware • Initial purpose was to allow abstract design and simulation • Design could be verified then implemented in hardware • Now Synthesis tools allow direct implementation from HDL code. • Large improvement in designer productivity

  18. HDL • HDL allows write-run-debug cycle for hardware development. • Similar to programming software • Much, much faster than design-implement-debug • Combined with modern Field Programmable Gate Array chips large complex circuits (>100000s of gates) can be implemented.

  19. HDLs • There are many different HDLs • Verilog HDL • ABEL • VHDL • VHDL is the most common • Large standard developed by US DoD • VHDL = VHSIC HDL • VHSIC = Very High Speed Integrated Circuit • Verilog HDL is second most common • Easier to use in many ways = better for teaching • C - like syntax

  20. Verilog HDL • Verilog constructs are use defined keywords • Examples: and, or, wire, input output • One important construct is the module • Modules have inputs and outputs • Modules can be built up of Verilog primatives or of user defined submodules.

  21. Example: Simple Circuit HDL module smpl_circuit(A,B,C,x,y); input A,B,C; output x,y; wire e; and g1(e,A,B); not g2(y, C); or g3(x,e,y); endmodule

  22. HDL Summary • Hardware Description Languages allow fast design and verification of digital circuits. • Accurate simulation and testing requires delays and inputs to be specified. • There are three different levels of abstraction for modelling circuits.

  23. System Design Language Hardware and Software Co-design

  24. What is Codesign?

  25. Why Codesign (1) ?

  26. Why Codesign (2) ?

  27. Traditional Design Flow 27

  28. HW/SW Codesign Flow Concurrent design between hardware and software using Co-simulation Co-synthesis 28

  29. Hardware Description Language (HDL) Software Description Language (SDL) People know C, so how about languages built on C/C++? SystemC SpecC Handel-C CodesignLanguage Has no tool support. Only useful for influencing other languages. Lacks CAD tool support Proprietary: Not universally available

  30. Synopsys “Scenic” SystemCv1.0 SystemCv0.90 SystemCv1.1 Sep. 99 UC Irvine 1996 Frontier Design A/RT Library Fixed Point Types Apr. 00 1991 CoWare “N2C” Abstract Protocols imec 1992 Jun. 00 1997 SystemCHistory VSIA SLD Data Types Spec (draft) Synopsys ATG Synopsys “Fridge”

  31. Modules Processes Ports Signals Rich set of port and signal types Rich set of data types Clocks Cycle-based simulation Multiple abstraction levels Communication protocols Debugging support Waveform tracing SystemC Highlights • Features as a codesign language

  32. Manual Conversion Analysis VHDL/Verilog Refine Simulation Results Synthesis Rest of Process Current System Design Methodology C/C++ System Level Model • Problems • Errors in manual conversion from C to HDL • Disconnect between system model and HDL model • Multiple system tests

  33. Summary&Questions Software/Hardware/System Design Languages

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