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Italian Renaissance v. Northern Renaissance. Recall: What characteristics of the era made the Italian Renaissance unique?. How the Renaissance spread to Northern Europe. The Renaissance spread to Europe through various means : Warfare Trading Italian Renaissance artists
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Recall: What characteristics of the era made the Italian Renaissance unique?
How the Renaissance spread to Northern Europe. The Renaissance spread to Europe through various means: • Warfare • Trading • Italian Renaissance artists • The printing press
Northern Renaissance • Blended old and new • Religious connotations • Charles Nauert suggests that the North accepted Renaissance culture when it suited them…is this an accurate assessment?
Universities • established by clergy • “scholastic” to humanists • 15th c. – zero in Italy • Continued development in north
Germany (Holy Roman Empire) • Leader in Northern Renaissance • Unorganized region • S. Germany – commercial center • Scientists and technology • Is there a connection between the unorganized nature of the Holy Roman Empire and the Renaissance culture that was accepted there?
German Examples • Johannes Gutenberg • Albrecht Durer and the Holbeins • Copernicus, Behaim, Paracelsus • Many studied in Italian city-states
Mysticism • Individual connection with god • Institution not needed • No rebellion against church • How does mysticism reflect the characteristics of the Renaissance culture?
Religious Laymen • 15th and 16th century • “religiously inclined humanists” • Division between laymen and clergy • Laymen – critical of ecclesiastical abuses
Conclusions? Are there major philosophical differences between the Italian and the Northern Renaissance?