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Working with Disks

Working with Disks. Lesson 4. Skills Matrix. Partition Styles. MBR – Master Boot Record GPT – GUID (globally unique identifier) Partition Table. Chapter 4. Master Boot Record -- MBR. Default partition style for x86 systems Uses a Partition Table to store drive geometry

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Working with Disks

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  1. Working with Disks Lesson 4

  2. Skills Matrix

  3. Partition Styles • MBR – Master Boot Record • GPT – GUID (globally unique identifier) Partition Table Chapter 4

  4. Master Boot Record -- MBR • Default partition style for x86 systems • Uses a Partition Table to store drive geometry • Uses Hidden sectors to store system information • Supports volumes up to 2 terabytes • Supports up to 4 primary partitions or 3 primary partitions and one extended partition per disk Chapter 4

  5. GUID Partition Table -- GPT • Default partition style for x64 systems • Uses an partitions rather than hidden sectors to store system information • Uses EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) to boot the drive • Uses primary and backup partition tables to improve integrity • Supports up to 128 partitions • Supports Volumes up to 18 exabytes Chapter 4

  6. Disk Storage • Basic Storage – compatible with other OS • Consists of primary and extended partitions • Supports up to four partitions (per single hard drive) • Laptop computers use only basic storage • Windows Vista can be installed only onto basic storage type partitions • Dynamic Storage – supported by Windows 2000/XP/Vista • Configured as dynamic disks • Dynamic disks can combine two or more physical disks into one dynamic disk • Dynamic disks divided into volumes Chapter 4

  7. Basic Disks • Uses Primary Partitions, Extended Partitions and Logical drives to organize data • Adequate for most personal computers.

  8. Primary and Extended Partitions PRIMARY • Functions as a physically separate disk • Can host an OS • Can be marked as active (and used to boot from) • Up to 4 are supported or 3 + 1 Extended • Each is formatted and assigned a drive letter EXTENDED • Cannot host an OS • Cannot be active partition • Basic disk can only host 1 Extended but unlimited logical partitions • Do not format extended partition, but the logical drives Chapter 4

  9. Dynamic Storage - Volumes • Volume – a portion of a dynamic disk that functions as a separate disk • Each volume is assigned a drive letter • Only Windows 2000, XP and Vista can access data on volumes • There are three types of volumes • Simple volume • Spanned volume • Striped volumes Chapter 4

  10. Dynamic Disk -- Simple volume • Contains space from a single dynamic drive Chapter 4

  11. Dynamic Disk -- Spanned volume • Consists of disk space on 2-32 dynamic drives Chapter 4

  12. Dynamic Disk -- Striped volume • stores data in equal stripes on 2 - 32 dynamic drives Chapter 4

  13. File Systems Summary • FAT (FAT16) – up to 4GB (not supported by Vista) • For backward compatibility with other operating systems • Allows easy upgrade from another OS • Enables multi boot systems to share data drives • FAT32 – up to 32GB • used to support larger drives, offers multi boot shared drives with Windows 98/95 • NTFS (preferred file system) – up to 4TB • Offers larger volume support • Offers compression and encryption • Security Chapter 4

  14. Comparison of File Systems NTFS • Recoverable file system • Local file security • Small cluster size • Supports mirroring • Fast searches • Built-in compression and encryption FAT32 • Most compatible system • Less overhead and is best for drives < 1GB • Use DOS to access active partition from a floppy Chapter 4

  15. How FAT works?

  16. How NTFS works? Resident to MFT Non Resident to MFT DATA DATA DATA

  17. Disk Management Snap-In Chapter 4

  18. Managing Permissions • NTFS permissions • Control access to files and folders on NTFS volumes • Share permissions • Control access to folders over a network. To access a file over a network, the user must have the appropriate share AND NTFS permissions Chapter 4

  19. Windows Permission Architecture • Permissions are organized into ACLs (access control lists) • Each list consists of a collection of individual permissions called Access Control Entries (ACE) • Permissions are stored with the file or folder being protected and is not part of the user account Chapter 4

  20. Using Backup and Restore Centre • Creates backup of Files and folders to a network share, DVD, CD or other hard disk • Creates a backup of the entire drive using an image based utility called Complete PC • Restore Files and folders that were previously backed up or an entire computer drive Chapter 4

  21. You Learned • Windows Vista uses two hard disk partition styles: MBR and GPT. • Windows Vista supports two disk types: basic disks and dynamic disks. • Basic disks can have up to four partitions: three primary partitions and a fourth usually being an extended partition, on which you can create multiple logical drives. Chapter 4

  22. You Learned (cont.) • Windows Vista supports three types of dynamic volumes: simple, spanned, and striped. • You use the Disk Management snap-in for MMC to manage disks. • Windows Vista has several sets of permissions, which operate independently of each other, including NTFS permissions, share permissions • Permissions are organized into ACLs • Backup and Restore can backup files, folders and complete PCs Chapter 4

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