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Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Chemistry Part 04B Induced Nuclear Reactions: The Transuranium Elements. 1. Synthesis of the Transuranium Elements - Enrico Fermi (It), 1934 - bombarded uranium with neutrons - did not succeed in creating new elements.

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Nuclear Chemistry

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry

  2. Nuclear Chemistry Part 04BInduced Nuclear Reactions:The Transuranium Elements

  3. 1. Synthesis of the Transuranium Elements - Enrico Fermi (It), 1934 - bombarded uranium with neutrons - did not succeed in creating new elements

  4. 2. Synthesis of the Transuranium Elements - Edwin McMillan, Philip Abelson (US) - 1940 - UC Berkeley - first transuranium element - neptunium

  5. 01n 92238U 92239U + Neutron capture 92239U 93239Np -10e +

  6. 2. Synthesis of the Transuranium Elements - Glenn Seaborg et. al. (US), 1940 - UC Berkeley - second transuranium element - plutonium

  7. 12H 92238U 93238Np + + 2 01n 93238Np 94238Pu -1oe +

  8. 3. Synthesis of the Transactinide Elements - transactinide elements - elements after actinium in Period 7 - synthesized up to atomic number 112 - Heavy Ion Research Laboratory - Darmstadt, Germany - used UNILAC

  9. 83209Bi 2864Ni 111272Rg 01n + + Roentgenium

  10. 4. Particle-Particle Reactions - done in a particle accelerator -a large atom is the “target” - target may be nonradioactive or radioactive - target is induced to react - a smaller particle is the “bullet” - may be as small as a neutron or as large as an iron atom

  11. 5. Particle Accelerators - cyclotrons - first cyclotron was invented by Ernest Lawrence - also called synchotron - accelerate bullets in a circular path to collide with targets at high speeds - linear accelerators - accelerate bullets on a long straight path

  12. 5. Particle Accelerators - largest: CERN - Geneva, Switzerland - most powerful: Tevatron - Batavia, Illinois - most prolific: UNILAC - Darmstadt, Germany http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/Welcome.html http://www.fnal.gov/ http://www.gsi.de/portrait/beschleunigeranlage_e.html

  13. Examples: Write the induced reaction for 49Be(a,n)612C. 612C + 01n 49Be + 24He

  14. Example: Write the induced reaction for 3375As(a,n)3578Br. 3375As 3578Br + 01n + 24He

  15. Example: Write the induced reaction for 46106Pd(a,p)47109Ag. 46106Pd 47109Ag + 11H + 24He

  16. 6. Summary of Subatomic Particles 24He Alpha 11H Protium/Proton -10e Beta 12H Deuterium/Deuteron 10e Positron 13H Tritium 01n Neutron

  17. http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/Welcome.html http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/Content/Chapters/AboutCERN/HowStudyPrtcles/CERNAccelComplex/CERNAccelComplex-en.html http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerator.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/atom-smasher.htm http://interactions.org/quantumdiaries/world_year/ index.html

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