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The Scientific Revolution and the Beginnings of European Exploration

The Scientific Revolution and the Beginnings of European Exploration. Chapter 16.1 & 16.2 Notes. From Magic to Science. “Natural Philosophers” relied on religious teaching and the works of classic thinkers to explain nature

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The Scientific Revolution and the Beginnings of European Exploration

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  1. The Scientific Revolution and the Beginnings of European Exploration Chapter 16.1 & 16.2 Notes

  2. From Magic to Science • “Natural Philosophers” relied on religious teaching and the works of classic thinkers to explain nature • Roger Bacon one of the first to favor a system of scientific experimentation as opposed to “blind faith” • The Renaissance Spirit encouraged curiosity, investigation, discovery, and the practical application of the knowledge of everyday life • Scientific Method became a method for solving problems about nature for many during the period of the Scientific Revolution

  3. Astronomy & Physics • Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to question the Ptolemaic theory of the universe • Johannes Keplerpublished his laws of planetary motion in 1609 • Galileo Galileiused the telescope to further prove the heliocentric theory • 1632, Galileo’s published findings created an uproar • 1687, Sir Isaac Newton published a book building on the works of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo

  4. Other Great Thinkers • Andreas Vesalius • Rene’ Descartes • Francis Bacon • Antoni van Leeuwenhoek • Robert Boyle

  5. Improvements in Technology Spark Exploration • Mapmaking improved during the Renaissance • Inventions like the Compass and Astrolabe made navigation easier, safer, and more accurate • Better ship technology sparked major changes

  6. Economic Changes • Improved ways of doing business made this time become known as the Commercial Revolution • The development of a standard system of money encouraged international trade and banking • Joint-stock Companies came together to promote exploration • The growing power of monarchs also helped spark exploration

  7. Mercantilism • Country could build wealth in two ways: Mine more gold and silver, or a Favorable balance of trade • Tariffs and Subsidies helped promote a favorable balance of trade • Colonies provided much needed economic support for mother countries • Control of colonial markets and raw materials became the key to a nation’s success

  8. Social Change • Renaissance and Scientific Revolution helped spark exploration • Urban crowding became a major issue • Idea of “striking it rich” caused many to leave their homelands for good • Reformation and Counter-Reformation caused many to leave for the New World

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