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Chapter 21 French Revolution and Napoleon

Chapter 21 French Revolution and Napoleon. Section 3: The French Republic. I. The National Convention (Sept. 1792-1795). Elected by Universal manhood suffrage Girondins - feared domination of France by Paris Jacobins- republicans favored Paris- radical

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Chapter 21 French Revolution and Napoleon

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  1. Chapter 21 French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3: The French Republic

  2. I. The National Convention (Sept. 1792-1795) • Elected by Universal manhood suffrage • Girondins- feared domination of France by Paris • Jacobins- republicans favored Paris- radical 1. Led by Maximilien Robespierre and Georges- Jacques Danton • New Constitution and War • Charged Louis XVI- executed

  3. Assignment Execution newspaper- guidelines handed out “The king must die so that the country can live.” Robespierre

  4. II. Exporting The Revolution • Committee of Public Safety- 1793 • Direct army in beating foreign invaders • Revolutionary Tribunal • Opposition- not all radicals 1. counterrevolutionary- Royal Catholic in West

  5. MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRETHE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF TERROR SPEECH TO THE CONVENTION,  FEBRUARY 5, 1794 • If virtue be the spring of a popular government in times of peace, the spring of that government during a revolution is virtue combined with terror: virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible; it is then an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country. ... The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny. Is force only intended to protect crime? Is not the lightning of heaven made to blast vice exalted?

  6. III. The Reign of Terror- (Sept 1793- July 1794) • Revolutionary Tribunal • Directed against everyone suspected of disloyalty • Danton & Robespierre • Head of Committee • Use guillotine • Robespierre sends Danton to guillotine • July 1794- Robespierre arrested guillotined 1. Thermidor Reaction

  7. Assignment • It has been estimated that more than 10,000 people were killed during the Reign of Terror! Madame Roland, wife of a Girondist leader, moments before her death uttered, “O Liberty, O Liberty, what crimes are committed in thy name!” • You are to write an opinion piece explaining why the Reign of Terror has gone too far, works against the Declaration for the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, and is counterproductive to the goals of the Revolution

  8. IV. Work of the National Convention • “Republic of Virtue” • New schools • Universal elementary education • Wage and price controls • Metric system • New Calendar • French Army victorious- militaristic spirit

  9. VI. The Directory- 1795 • 2- house legislature • Executive branch- directors- 5 individuals • Quarreled- weak- corrupt

  10. VII. The Napoleon Bonaparte • Background- military • Coup d’ etat

  11. Assignment • List Napoleon’s important achievements prior to 1799 • Explain how Napoleon’s military victories helped him come to power

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