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Cognition

Cognition. Joey Watson. VII. Cognition. Memory Language Thinking Problem Solving and Creativity. Memory:. 3 storage units: Sensory perception to memory; iconic (visual) tenths of second or echoic (auditory) few seconds Short Few seconds to a minute 7 items +- 2

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Cognition

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  1. Cognition Joey Watson

  2. VII. Cognition • Memory • Language • Thinking • Problem Solving and Creativity

  3. Memory: • 3 storage units: • Sensory • perception to memory; iconic (visual) tenths of second or echoic (auditory) few seconds • Short • Few seconds to a minute • 7 items +- 2 • Maintenance rehearsal- keep something in short term memory long enough to be used • Elaborative rehearsal- organizing and understanding info to remember it • Long • Permanent retention • Episodic memory- events experienced • Semantic memory- facts figures and general knowledge • Procedural memory- skills and habits

  4. Language: • Sound to communicate ideas • Phonemes- smallest units of speech sounds distinct from one another • Morphemes- smallest semantically meaningful parts of language • Syntax- rules used for arrangement of morphemes into meaningful sentences • Prosody- tone and inflection; added meaning without changing words

  5. Language • Stages: • Cooing-> Babbling-> holophrases (one word for broad category of things)-> telegraphic speech (two or three word sentences)-> speech Noam Chomsky – transformational grammar- differentiates between surface structure of language and deep structure of language

  6. Thinking • Many different types, sometimes overlap • Autistic thinking- applies to daydreaming and fantasizing • Directed thinking- drawing inferences, problem solving • Reasoning- drawing conclusions from evidence • Deductive reasoning- drawing logical conclusions from general statements • Inductive Reasoning- drawing general inferences from specific observations

  7. Problem Solving and Creativity: • Divergent thinking- brainstorming • Convergent thinking- narrowing to 1 choice • Heuristics- intuitive rules of thumb • Algorithms- systematic mechanical approaches to guarantee eventual answer to problem • Insight- sudden understanding of potential strategy to solve problem

  8. Problem Solving and Creativity: • Wolfgang Kohler- had a chimp in cage with 2 sticks, outside cage were bananas, both too short to reach bananas so combined sticks into 1 to reach bananas –insight • Mental set- framed set of mind to approach problem; functional fixedness- tendency to assume item is only useful for task it is designed for • Confirmation bias- search for info that supports particular view • Creativity – process of producing something novel yet worthwhile; elusive nature

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