Centennial Scholars Lecture Series Dr. Sue Pierson Ellingson Marisa Asmus ‘99 Anna Pletscher ‘00

1. What Can Be Learned From Children’s Drawings in Namibia?: A Comparison of Children’s Artistic Development Across Regions • Centennial Scholars Lecture Series • Dr. Sue Pierson Ellingson • Marisa Asmus ‘99 • Anna Pletscher ‘00

2. Acknowledgements • Co-Inquirers • Dr. Jim Postema • Dr. Mark Covey and Dr. Mark Krejci • Dr. Michael Wohlfeil • Dr. Dave Moewes and Ron Balko • Betty Raum • Rev. Clay Ellingson • Fulbright Scholars Program • Peace Corps/Namibia • Amy Sorenson ‘95 • Cooperating Schools

3. What I Learned as a Centennial Scholar • True nature of co-inquirers • Stimulation and challenges of ongoing learning • Renewed love for Namibia and its children • Appreciation for interest and support of colleagues and students

4. What I Learned as a Centennial Scholar • Appreciation for children’s art • Appreciation for the research process • Appreciation for the Namibian culture

5. Grade Six: How I Celebrateboy, 13 years

6. Aims of Research • Do Lowenfeld’s and Brittain’s theories about developmental stages of art hold true for the Namibian settings? • Industrialized • Nonindustrialized • What are the sources of imagery? • Local drawing conventions?

7. Subjects and Setting • 1019 students in grades one-six in Namibian public schools • Industrialized Region • Schools in Katatura and Khomosdal • Nonindustrialized Region • rural schools

8. Themes for Drawings • Grades One and Two: • Global Kinship: Where do you live? • Grades Three and Four: • Education: Who teaches you? Where do you Learn? • Grade Five and Six: • Fun (Games and Festivals): How do you celebrate? • See Me, Share My World, 1992

9. Gathering the Drawings • Peace Corp Teacher Trainers and Principal in Non-Industrialized Region

10. Gathering the Drawings • Preparing school packets for Peace Corp Teacher Trainers in Namibia

11. Gathering the Drawings • Translator helps to show where the USA is located.

12. Gathering the Drawings • Sixth graders inside a stick school illustrate “How I Celebrate”.

13. Gathering the Drawings • “How I Learn” by Third Graders at a school in the Industrialized Region

14. Gathering the Drawings • Industrialized Region: Research Assistant Lydia Katjita standing in the background of a sixth grade classroom.

15. Setting up Shop • Co-inquirers setting up Centennial Scholars Research Headquarters

16. The Research Process • Week One: Review of the Literature • Week Two: • Comparing Developmental Stages Theories • Developing the Code Book

17. The Research Process • Interrater Reliability Composite Posters

18. The Research Process • Coding the Drawings: Figure Examples

19. The Research Process • Weeks Three and Four: Coding over 1100 drawings

20. The Research Process • Weeks Five and Six: Data Entry • Weeks Seven and Eight: • SPSS analysis • Interpreting Results

21. Preparing for the Presentation • Attending Power Point Inservice • Scanning Images

22. Where in the World is Namibia?

23. Non-Industrialized Region: Where I Live • Homestead

24. Grade One: Where I Live • Homestead • boy, 6 years

25. Non-Industrialized Region: Where I Live • Children posing in front of their bedroom: one of the huts in the homestead.

26. Non-Industrialized Region: Where I Live • Concrete house-one per homestead • 2-4 rooms

27. Grade Two: Where I Live • Homestead with fields, huts, and a concrete house in the foreground • girl, 7 years

28. Non-Industrialized Region:Where I Go To School • Grade Three classroom

29. Non-Industrialized Region: Where I Go To School • Classroom under the tree

30. Non-Industrialized Region: Where I Go To School • Concrete school classroom

31. Grade Four: Where I Go To School • Classrooms • boy, 15 years

32. Non-Industrialized Region: Where I Go To School • Children practicing letters in the sand

33. Non-Industrialized Region: How I Celebrate • Boys performing a traditional jumping dance

34. Grade Six: How I Celebrate • Traditional jumping dance • boy, 15 years

35. Industrialized Region:Where I Live • Housing • Note the three legged cooking pots

36. Industrialized Region:Where I Live • Typical housing

37. Industrialized Region:Where I Live • Katutura home

38. Grade One: Where I Live • House, trucks, three-legged cooking pot • boy, 6 years

39. Industrialized Region:Where I Go To School • Elim Primary School - Third Grade; Khomasdal • Girl hold up her drawing depicting herself with blond hair

40. Industrialized Region:Where I Go To School • Namibia English Primary School, Katatura

41. Grade Four: Where I Go To School • Soccer, volleyball, watering trees at school • boy, 10 years

42. Industrialized Region:Where I Go To School • Bethold Primary School, Katatura

43. Industrialized Region • St. Barnabas Junior Primary School teacher’s lounge, Katatura

44. Industrialized Region • Wire car project assigned by the teacher

45. Industrialized Region • Herero woman and house

46. Grade Six • Herero woman and house • girl, 14 years

47. Grade Six: How I Celebrate

48. Grade Six: How I Celebrate • Soccer and Christmas • boy, 13 years

49. Limitations • One drawing per child gathered • Not all children were fluent in speaking and understanding English • attempts to accommodate through research assistants • SPSS novices

50. Limitations (continued) • Different interpretations of drawings are possible • Emphasis on visual communication • would desire more written communication about the drawings