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Cloud processes near the tropopause

. Cloud processes near the tropopause. HIRDLS will measure cloud top altitude and aerosol concentrations: the limb view gives high sensitivity; geometry used to determine altitude with fine resolution (200 m step size; 1 km IFOV) May benefit from formation flying partners

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Cloud processes near the tropopause

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  1. . Cloud processes near the tropopause • HIRDLS will measure cloud top altitude and aerosol concentrations: • the limb view gives high sensitivity; • geometry used to determine altitude with fine resolution • (200 m step size; 1 km IFOV) • May benefit from formation flying partners • Aqua, PICASSO-CENA and CloudSat • to obtain very comprehensive near-simultaneous cloud measurements and for cross-validation Silhouette of several thunderstorms with cirrus anvil tops spreading out against the tropopause, and Pinatubo aerosol layers appearing blue above. [STS047-54-018, 20 Sep 1992, 15.5 S, 158.5 E]

  2. Frequency of cirrus measured by HALOE Relative frequency of occurrence of larger extinction values measured at 3.46 micron by the UARS HALOE instrument for 1993-1998. [S.Massie et al, submitted to J. Geophys. Res., 1999]

  3. Frequency of cirrus measured by HALOE Relative frequency of occurrence of larger extinction values measured at 3.46 micron by the UARS HALOE instrument for 1993-1998. [S.Massie et al, submitted to J. Geophys. Res., 1999]

  4. Variation of limb extinction Frequency of limb extinction at 3.46 micron and 121 hPa tangent pressure measured by HALOE for different years. Data are for the Indian Ocean to the Eastern Pacific between 30oN and 30oS. [S.Massie et al, ‘The Effect of the 1997 El Nino on the Distribution of Upper Tropospheric Cirrus’, submitted to J. Geophys. Res., 1999]

  5. Radiative transfer studies HIRDLS will measure the radiation emitted in multiple spectral passbands up to the thermosphere Important for validating radiative transfer theory and undertaking basic research into radiative transfer

  6. Radiative transfer studies (Day-Night )/Night radiance difference measured by CRISTA in 1490-1560 cm-1 spectral region Daytime enhancement is due to a combination of H2O non-LTE emission and tidal activity increasing daytime temperature [Figure from David Edwards]

  7. Acquisition of atmospheric data in an extreme state • Stratospheric chlorine levels are expected to peak during • the EOS-Chem mission. • EOS-Chem data will be valuable for centuries into the future as • tests of model behaviour in this extreme high-chlorine state. • Changes in ozone levels as chlorine declines and stratospheric • cooling accelerates will provide critical tests of model behaviour • and their ability to predict.

  8. Stratospheric Chlorine Growth of stratospheric chlorine according to various scenarios (from Joe Waters)

  9. Understand stratosphere-troposphere exchange of radiatively and chemically active constituents (including aerosols) down to small spatial scales Understand chemical processing, transports and mixing in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere/lower overworld Understand budgets of quantities (momentum, energy, heat and potential vorticity) in the middle atmosphere that control stratosphere-troposphere exchange Determine upper tropospheric composition (with high vertical resolution) Provide data to improve and validate small scales in models Measure global distributions of aerosols and PSC’s and interannual variations HIRDLS Scientific Objectives

  10. Small scale dynamics and transports Troposphere - stratosphere exchange Polar vortex filamentation Tropical barrier leakage Upper troposphere - lower stratosphere chemistry O3, H2O, CFC11, CFC12, HNO3, CH4, N2O Aerosol amounts, distributions & properties Trends & changes Trends of 10 radiativity & chemically active species, T, PSCs Continuation of LIMS, SAMS, UARS Gravity wave distributions Sources & distributions of gravity waves, and their roles in atmospheric dynamics Major HIRDLS Emphases

  11. Temperature <50 km 0.4 K precision 1 K absolute >50 km 1 K precision 2 K absolute Constituents O3, H2O, CH4, H2O, HNO3, NO2, N2O5,1-5% precision ClONO2, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, Aerosol 5-10% absolute Geopotential height gradient 20 metres/500 km (vertical/horizontal) (Equivalent 60oN geostrophic wind) (3 m s-1) Coverage: Horizontal - global 90oS to 90oN (must include polar night) Vertical - upper troposphere to mesopause (8-80 km) Temporal - long-term, continuous (5 years unbroken) Resolution: Horizontal - profile spacing of 5o latitude x 5o longitude (approx 500 km) Vertical - 1-1.25 km Temporal - complete field in 12 hours Summary of Measurement Requirements

  12. HIRDLS Cleanroom

  13. Collimator/monochromator calibration equipment

  14. HIRDLS Calibration Facility Chamber optical bench Clean room and vacuum chamber Seismic isolator Monochromator turret

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