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Friday

Friday. Breslauer: pp. 95-115. 8 Rabbi’s study bible Mikra’ot Gedolot. Torah or Tanakh text Full Masorah Targums Commentaries Cross-references. Commentators. RASHI 11 century France “Plain Meaning”

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Friday

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  1. Friday Breslauer: pp. 95-115

  2. 8 Rabbi’s study bible Mikra’ot Gedolot • Torah or Tanakh text • Full Masorah • Targums • Commentaries • Cross-references.

  3. Commentators • RASHI 11 century France “Plain Meaning” • Ibn Ezra 11-12 century born: Spain. Rational, linguistic, anti Karaite Astrological

  4. RAMBAN: R. Moses ben Nahman Nahmanides: 13th century Spain.. • Traditional yet influenced by Kabbalah • Secret Knowledge contained in Torah.

  5. http://www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/MG.html

  6. Printing press • Allows text and commentary together • Allows wider distribution of texts. • Less control over teaching, etc.

  7. Medieval Judaism700-1500 • Jews under Christianity and Islam • Prosperity / Persecution • Cultural differentiation • Sephardic • Ashkenazic

  8. In Islamic lands • Jews and Christians “Protected People” • “People of the Book” • Much Freedom, but still second class citizens • Special taxes.

  9. Abbasid dynasty747 ce • Baghdad • Rationalistic philosophy • Pluralistic, tolerant • Hierarchical

  10. Islam and Judaism • Islam: Sunna traditions of Muhammad. Proper Islamic life • Judaism: Oral Torah becomes authoritative for Jews.

  11. curiouser and curiouser… • Compilation of Sunna may have been influenced by Oral Torah • Judaism thrived when it could be made to appear more like Islam.

  12. Karaite movement • Second half of 8th century • “Written” Torah interpreted by tradition. • BUT: No second canon of “Oral Torah” No Rabbinic authorities.

  13. Karaites • Similar to Sunni Islam • Qur’an and Hadith / Sunnah • Tradition not authority figures

  14. Anan ben David • Early Karaite leader. 8th century • Accused Rabbinate of corrupting scripture

  15. 8th- 11th century. • Rabbinic Judaism defended Rational Authentic • Described in Islamic terms: • Scripture and tradition

  16. 750-950 • Islamic expansion • Middle East • North Africa • Spain • Much of Turkey still under Christian Byzantium

  17. Jewish leadership • Exiliarch: political leader of Babylonian Jews • Geonim: Leaders of Babylonian Jewish academies. • Tensions between political/economic and religious leadership.

  18. Israel and Diaspora • Tensions between Jewish leadership in Israel and in Diaspora. • Calendar

  19. Last Geon • Saadiah al-Fayumi (882-942). • Addressed Karaite challenge.

  20. Saadia • Rationalist • Hebrew follows rational principles (Like Arabic) • Bible into Arabic • God knowable through the intellect Muslim influence

  21. Abbasid dynasty collapse • 10th century. • New centres: Egypt and Spain • Jewish life decentralizes

  22. Rise of Trade • Jewish Caravan traders • India Africa Spain Christian regions.

  23. Jewish Traders • Commerce between Islamic and Christian lands. • Some Jews become very wealthy.

  24. 9 -11 century • North African, Spanish Jews prosper • Talmud commentators • RESPONSA: Rabbinic answers to questions of Halakhah.

  25. Jewish Spain • Golden Age. 10-12 century. • Philosophy • Ibn Ezra

  26. Spain 12-13 century • Christian Re-conquest • Islamic rulers Distinctive clothes Jews barred from important posts. Forced conversion to Islam • Many Jews flee to Christian regions

  27. Maimonides • Guide for the Perplexed • 13 principles • Mishnah Torah • Summary of Halakhah.

  28. 11-12 century • African Muslim dynasties remove protection laws for Jews.

  29. Re-conquest • Jews used to resettle Spain by Christian armies. • Initially given some protection. Second class citizens

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