Teaching of English as a Foreign Language-1 (TEFL)

1. Teaching of English as a Foreign Language-1 (TEFL) Course Code: ENG 502

2. Who is your Resource Person for this course? • Guess! • Who is he? • How does he look like? • How old is he? • What are his qualifications? • Which is his first language? • Is he experienced? • Does he speak well? Etc….

3. My Brief CV/Resume’ • Muhammad Niaz Khan • Assistant Professor in English • Qualifications: • Ph.D in Linguistics researchin progress • M.Phillinguisitis • MA English Linguistics Literature and TEFL • MBA in HR

4. My Brief CV/Resume’ • Experience: • More than 10 years of teaching and training experience with renowned universities and companies of Pakistan • Universities where taught: NUML QAU AIR university, Islamabad BahriaUniverity Islamabad

5. My Brief CV/Resume’ • Companies where given consultancy: NIBAF SCI, MCB PMO STI TCC BCL

6. Objectives of this course: • This practical skills-oriented course will provide you with the basics needed to work effectively in an English Language classroom as an English teacher/trainer or language assistant. • It will give you the knowledge and understanding of the language system, the skills and sub-skills which learners of English need to work on to be proficient users of English. • This objective of this course is the development of language teaching skills in the students. • The course also focuses on making the students able to apply different approaches, methods and techniques in teaching language skills.

7. Overview of this Course • What is TEFL? • Methods of Foreign Language Teaching: The Grammar –Translation Method The Direct Method The Audio-Lingual Method: Language is acquired through imitation, repetition and reinforcement. Also called as army method. The Silent Way

8. overview of the course…. • Suggestopedia • Community Language Learning • The Total Physical Response Method • The Communicative Approach • Important Questions

9. Overview of this Course Exploring Skills: Methodology Listening Speaking Reading Writing

10. Overview of this Course • Exploring LanguagePronunciation Vocabulary Grammar Discourse • Supporting the Learning ProcessContent-based instruction Course books Computer Assisted Language Learning styles and strategies Learner autonomy Classroom based assessment

11. Any Questions! • Good Question • You want to know books to be consulted.

12. Recommended Books for EFL-1 and EFL-2 • Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching by Diane-Larsen-Freeman • Practical English Language Teaching by David Nunan • A course in Language Teaching: practice and theory by Penny Ur • Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary by Virginia French Allen • Grammar Practice Activities: A practical guide for teachers by Penny UR. • Testing for language Teachers by Arthur Hughes • Language Learners and their errors by John Norish • Mistakes and Correction by Julian • An introduction to discourse Analysis by Malcolm Coulthand

13. How will we proceed this course? • What I expect from you? • Discussions!!! • Question Answer session • Graded discussions • Participation • Attention • Observation • Implementation if possible

14. What is TEFL? • The acronym "TEFL" stands for "Teaching English as a Foreign Language". • When people say "TEFL", they are generally referring to a world of teaching, where the students are not native speakers of English, and where the teachers may or may not be native speakers of English. • TEFL refers to the teaching of English, not its learning. It, therefore concentrates more on teachers or those wishing to teach rather than on learners. (Of course, teachers have to know a lot about learning, but that is another matter.)

15. What is TEFL? • The range of situations where people are teaching English as a foreign language is very broad. • Easily the greatest number of TEFL teachers worldwide are indigenous teachers working in local primary and secondary schools (for example, a Pakistani teacher of English teaching English to Pakistani schoolchildren in their local school). This is due to the sheer population numbers involved and the fact that so many schoolchildren worldwide learn at least some English at school.

16. How many of you want to be teachers of English? • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • _______________________________________

17. Scope of TEFL • private language schools • corporate training departments • kindergartens • universities • government-sponsored programs. • private/freelance teaching • summer camps and charity organizations

18. TEFL teachers • TEFL teachers fall into two loose groups: • indigenous teachers of English teaching to schoolchildren of their own nationality • native speakers of English with (and sometimes without) English teaching qualifications, who either teach in their own country or travel abroad and teach in foreign countries

19. More acronyms with similar meanings • There are a few other acronyms with a similar meaning to TEFL, specifically: TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) and TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages). • ELT stands for English Language Teaching (or English Language Training—take your pick). This is a blanket term that covers all forms of English language acquisition, whether for native- or non-native speakers. • EFL stands for English as a Foreign Language and involves the acquisition of English by non-native speakers. • ESL stands for English as a Second Language and involves the acquisition of English by non-native speakers

20. More acronyms with similar meanings…. • ESOL stands for English for Speakers of Other Languages and involves the acquisition of English by non-native speakers. • EAL stands for English as an Additional Language and involves the acquisition of English by non-native speakers. • TEFL stands for Teaching English as a Foreign Language and involves teaching English to non-native speakers. • TESL stands for Teaching English as a Second Language and involves teaching English to non-native speakers. • TEAL stands for Teaching English as an Additional Language and involves teaching English to non-native speakers

21. More acronyms with similar meanings…. • TESOL stands for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages and involves teaching English to non-native speakers. The acronym TESOL is also used by an American teachers' association, the full name of which is "Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Incorporated".

22. Are there any differences in the above terms? • Theoretically, EFL is for non-native speakers learning English in a non-English-speaking environment (typically learners in their own countries). • ESL is for non-native speakers learning English in an English-speaking environment (typically students on a language holiday or immigrants in an English-speaking country).

23. What is a Method? • A particular procedure for accomplishing or approaching something, especially a systematic or established one. • The method in this course means principles and techniques employed to teach a foreign language. • Method composed of both the principles and techniques. • What are the principles?

24. What is a Method? • Principles involve five aspects of second or foreign language teaching. • The teacher • The learner • The teaching process • The learning process • The target language/culture

25. What is a method? • Techniques are the behavioral activities and procedures derived from an application of the principles. • The class room activities. • Techniques could be common for two methods. • These methods are there to be used in the class rooms. These method have been a success but still…… • Methods have been exposed to students through the text.

26. Approaches, methods, procedures, and techniques • Approach:this refers to “theories about the nature of language and language learning that serve as the source of practices and principles in language teaching”. It offers a model of language competence. An approach describes how people acquire their knowledge of the language and makes statements about conditions which will promote successful language learning. • Method:a method is the practical realization of an approach. Methods include various procedures and techniques as part of their standard fare. • Procedure:a procedure is an ordered sequence of techniques. A procedure is a sequence which can be described in terms such as first you do this, then you do that… Smaller than a method and bigger than technique.

27. Approaches, methods, procedures, and techniques • Technique: a common technique when using video material is called “silent viewing”. This is where the teacher plays the video with no sound. Silent viewing is a single activity rather than a sequence, and as such is a technique rather than a whole procedure. • A term that is also used in discussions about teaching is “model” – used to describe typical procedures, usually for teachers in training. Such models offer abstractions of these procedures, designed to guide teaching practice.

28. Summary of this introductory lecture • TEFL? • Methods • Approaches