The Verb to Receive ( morau , itadaku ) Indicating the Source of Receiving with the Particle ni

1. Class Session 11b Chapter 7 • The Verb to Receive (morau, itadaku) • Indicating the Source of Receiving with the Particle ni • Indicating the Occasion with the Particle ni • Colors • The Counters hiki, satsu, and dai • The Distributive Suffix zutsu • Using me to Express Ordinal Numbers Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

2. The Verb to Receive (morau, itadaku) • The verb that means to receive is morau in Japanese regardless of who is giving • to whom • The person who receives is represented as the subject noun. • watashi wa tomodachi kara tegami o moraimashita. • I received a letter from a friend. • itadaku is used in place of morau to express respect to the person from whom the • the item is received: • sensei kara hon o itadakimashita. • I received a book from the teacher. Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

3. Indicating the Source of Receiving with the Particle ni • The person from whom the item is received is marked by the particle ni or kara: • watashi wa sobo ni o-okozukai o moraimashita. • I received some allowance from my grandmother. • sofu kara saifu o moraimashita. • I received a wallet from my grandfather. • sensei ni jisho o itadakimashita. • I received a dictionary from my teacher. • The particle ni means “to” when used with giving verbs and “from” when used with receiving verbs; make sure you consider the verb when translating ni Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

4. Indicating the Occasion with the Particle ni • The particle ni marks the occassion of giving and receiving: • sofu ga nyūgaku no o-iwai ni tokei o kuremashita. • My grandfather gave me a watch in celebration of my school admission. • tanjōbi no puresento ni handobaggu o moraimashita. • I received a handbag for my birthday present. • shussan-iwai ni yoko-san ni akachan no fuku o agemashita. • I gave Yoko baby clothes to celebrate the birth of her baby. Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

5. Colors Noun Color Adjective aka red akai ao blue (green) aoi kuro black kuroi kiiro yellow kiiroi shiro white shiroi midori green midori no murasaki purple murasaki no chairo brown chairo no haiiro grey haiiro no Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

6. The Counters hiki, satsu, and dai • The counter hiki is used for small or medium-size animals such as fish, insects, • dogs, cats, and monkeys • uchi ni wa kingyo ga go-hiki imasu. • There are five goldfish at my house. • For larger animals (such as elephants and cows) the counter tō is used. In common • speech, if it has four legs, regardless of size the counter hiki is often used • asoko ni ushi ga san-biki arimasu. • There are three cows over there. • The counter satsu is used for counting bound items (e.g., books, magazines, and • notebooks) • hon o ni-satsu kaimasu. • I will buy two books. • The counter dai is used for counting machines or mechanical items (e.g., cars, trucks • and copiers). • kuruma ga ichi-dai arimasu. • There is one car. Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

7. Pronunciation of Counters hiki, satsu, and dai NumberAnimalsBooksMachines 1 ip-pikiissatsu ichidai 2 ni-hikini-satsu ni-dai 3 san-bikisan-satsu san-dai 4 yon-hikiyon-satsu yon-dai 5 go-hiki go-satsu go-dai 6 rop-piki roku-satsu roku-dai 7 nana-hiki nana-satsu shichi-dai 8 hap-pikihas-satsu hachi-dai 9 kyū-hiki kyū-satsu kyū-dai 10 jūp-pikijūs-satsu jū-dai Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

8. The Distributive Suffix zutsu • The suffix zutsu follows a number and means “each” or “at a time” • kodomo ga ame o mi-tsu zutsu moraimasu. • Children will receive three candies each. • gakusei ga futari zutsu kimasu. • Two student at a time will come. • heya ni wa tsukue ga fu-tatsu zutsu arimasu. • There are two desks in each room. • mainnichi, kanji o itsu-tsu zutsu benkyoo shimasu. • I study five kanji each day. Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012

9. Using me to Express Ordinal Numbers • Ordinal (as opposed to cardinal) numbers express position in order (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) • Ordinal numbers in Japanese are created by adding the suffix me to a number phrase with a counter • mi-tsu means three pieces, but mi-tsu-me means the “third piece” • Examples: • san-nin-me no gakusei wa nihon-jin desu. • The third student is Japanese. • futa-tsu-me no kōsaten made arukimasu. • I will walk up to the second intersection Japanese 1100-L11b-07-16-2012