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PRECIPITATION

PRECIPITATION. CURVATURE EFFECT. Q. Why are cloud droplets larger over the ocean?. COLLISION- COALESCENCE PROCESS. Most collide on forward edge Some collide on backside. Terminal velocity : Almost 10 m/s for largest raindrops. Q. Why can a cumuliform cloud produce

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PRECIPITATION

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  1. PRECIPITATION

  2. CURVATURE EFFECT

  3. Q. Why are cloud droplets larger over the ocean?

  4. COLLISION- COALESCENCE PROCESS Most collide on forward edge Some collide on backside Terminal velocity: Almost 10 m/s for largest raindrops

  5. Q. Why can a cumuliform cloud produce heavier precipitation than a stratiform cloud? "Warm" Cloud

  6. Supercooled water droplets "Cold" Cloud

  7. Deposition nuclei Ice forms directly on ice nuclei Freezing Nuclei Promote freezing of supercooled droplets (contact nuclei)

  8. Ice crystals grow at the expense of water droplets Higher saturation vapour pressure

  9. Riming causes • snow pellets (graupel) • supercooled droplets • freeze on contact Snowflakes form through aggregation

  10. Natural cloud seeding

  11. ARTIFICIAL CLOUD SEEDING Source: Desert Research Institute, Nevada, USA Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA

  12. Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA

  13. VIRGA

  14. 18cm diameter World's Largest Hailstone Aurora, Nebraska June 22, 2003

  15. I almost didn't make it here !

  16. AIR PRESSURE, FORCES AND WIND

  17. Remember the paper cup experiment

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