Clash of Civilizations Theory: An Overview and Analysis

1. Anhui University of Finance & Economics 安徽财经大学法学院 Introduction to Western International Relations Theory 黄 燕、岳汉景、宋效峰 西方国际关系理论(双语） Clash of Civilizations theory 文明冲突论

2. 黄燕，女，1982年12月生，安徽肥东人。武汉大学国际政治学专业毕业，获法学硕士学位。现为安徽财经大学政治学院国际政治学系讲师。为《西方国际关系理论》（双语）主讲教师。负责本课件的内容编辑和部分技术处理工作。黄燕，女，1982年12月生，安徽肥东人。武汉大学国际政治学专业毕业，获法学硕士学位。现为安徽财经大学政治学院国际政治学系讲师。为《西方国际关系理论》（双语）主讲教师。负责本课件的内容编辑和部分技术处理工作。 黄 燕 课件组成员简介 宋效峰，男，1973年生，山东蒙阴人，副教授，先后主持教育部人文社科研究专项任务项目1项，安徽省高校青年教师科研资助计划项目2项，安徽财经大学科（教）研项目2项，中华全国供销合作总社项目1项。 叶战备 岳汉景,男，1971年生，安徽蒙城人。主要研究领域：中东问题、外交政策问题。承担主要课程：政治学基础、比较政治制度、国际政治经济学（双语） 陈永红 Anhui University of Finance & Economics

3. Chapter 5 Basic theories of international relation ii Clash of Civilizations theory文明冲突论 Ⅰ Exponent & the book代表人物与著作 Ⅱ the theory (content)内容 Ⅲ Clash of Civilizations map地图 Bibliography参考书目 Ⅳ Ⅴ Case in the theory案例

4. Ⅰ. Samuel P.Huntington and the theory • (1) Samuel P. Huntington • The Clash of Civilizations is a theory, proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington, that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world.

5. Ⅰ. Samuel P.Huntington and the theory • (2) 《The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order》 • The theory was originally formulated in 1993 in a Foreign Affairs article titled "The Clash of Civilizations?", as a reaction to Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man. • Huntington later expanded his thesis in a 1996 book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. reaction

6. Chapter 5 Basic theories of international relation ii Clash of Civilizations theory 文明冲突论

7. 1.overview 2. list of civilization 3. Huntington's thesis of civilizational clash 4. Core state and fault line conflicts Ⅱthe theory (content)内容

8. 1、 Overview • In the 1993 Foreign Affairs article, Huntington writes: • It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural.

9. click 1 、Overview Press ESC Out

10. Western civilization, centered on Western Europe and North America, but also including other European-derived countries such as Australia . Huntington also includes the Pacific Islands, East Timor, Suriname，French Guiana, and northern and central Philippines. 2、 List of civilizations The Muslim world of Central Asia, North Africa, Southwest Asia, Afghanistan, Albania, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Somalia, Mindanao, and parts of India. Hindu civilization, located chiefly in India, Nepal, and culturally adhered to by the global Non-resident Indians and People of Indian Origin, the diaspora散居. Japan, considered a hybrid of Chinese civilization and older Altaic patterns Latin America. It's a hybrid of the western world and the local indigenous people. May be considered a part of Western civilization. The Sinic civilization of China, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam. This group also includes the Chinese diaspora, especially in relation to Southeast Asia. The Orthodox world of Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. The civilization of Sub-Saharan Africa is considered as a possible 8th civilization by Huntington Dark Blue: Western Christendom Sky Blue: Orthodox ChristendomGreen: Islamic World Dark Red: Sinic World Purple: Latin America Brown: Sub-Saharan Africa Orange: Hindu Civilization Yellow: Buddhist Civilization Grey: Former British Colonies Turquoise: Turkey secularism Blue: Israel LightBrown: Ethiopia Light Green: Haiti Red: Japan

11. 3.Huntington's thesis of civilizational clash

12. Global conflict 3.Huntington's thesis of civilizational clash • Huntington argues that the trends of global conflict after the end of the Cold War are increasingly appearing at these civilizational divisions. Civilizational divisions

13. 3.Huntington's thesis of civilizational clash • Wars such as those following the break up of Yugoslavia南斯拉夫, in Chechnya[ ‘tʃetʃniɑ ]车臣, and between India and Pakistan（印巴冲突） were cited as evidence of inter-civilizational conflict.

14. military political economic power 3.Huntington's thesis of civilizational clash • Huntington identifies a major shift of economic, military, and political power from the West to the other civilizations of the world, most significantly to what he identifies as the two "challenger civilizations", Sinic and Islam. western the other civilizations

15. （1）Sinic Civilization （4）Western-Islamic clash （2）Islamic Civilization （3）Islamic civilization & Sinic civilization 3.Huntington's thesis of civilizational clash

16. （1）Sinic Civilization 中华文化 Comment on Huntington’s view: Right or not? • In Huntington's view, he believes that China's goals are to reassert itself as the regional hegemon, and that other countries in the region will 'bandwagon' with China due to the history of hierarchical command structures implicit in the Confucian Sinic civilization, as opposed to the individualism and pluralism valued in the West. Sinic civilization

17. （1）Sinic Civilization 中华文化 • In other words, regional powers such as the two Koreas and Vietnam will acquiesce to Chinese demands and become more supportive of China rather than attempting to oppose it. • Huntington therefore believes that the rise of China poses one of the most significant problems and the most powerful long-term threat to the West, as Chinese cultural assertion clashes with the American desire for the lack of a regional hegemony in East Asia. Sinic civilization

18. （2）Islamic Civilization • Huntington argues that the Islamic civilization has experienced a massive population explosion which is fueling instability both on the borders of Islam and in its interior, where fundamentalist movements原教旨主义运动are becoming increasingly popular. Islamic civilization

19. （2）Islamic Civilization Perhaps the most controversial statement Huntington made in the Foreign Affairs article was that "Islam has bloody borders". “伊斯兰血腥的边界” Manifestations of what he terms the "Islamic Resurgence" include the 1979 Iranian revolution and the first Gulf war. 他所称的“伊斯兰死灰复燃” ，包括1979年伊朗革命和第一次海湾战争 Islamic civilization

20. (3) Islamic civilization & Sinic civilization Comment on Huntington’s view: We will give more criticisms about it. • Huntington sees Islamic civilization as a potential ally to China. • Specifically, he identifies common Chinese and Islamic interests in the areas of weapons proliferation, human rights, and democracy that conflict with those of the West, and feels that these are areas in which the two civilizations will cooperate. Islamic+Sinic

21. (3) Islamic civilization & Sinic civilization • Russia, Japan, and India are what Huntington terms 'swing civilizations' and may favor either side. • Huntington argues that a "Sino-Islamic connection" is emerging in which China will cooperate more closely with Iran, Pakistan, and other states to augment its international position. Islamic+Sinic

22. (4)Western-Islamic clash • Huntington also argues that civilizational conflicts are "particularly prevalent between Muslims and non-Muslims", identifying the "bloody borders" between Islamic and non-Islamic civilizations. Western-Islamic clash

23. (4)Western-Islamic clash • He believes that some of the factors contributing to this conflict are that both Christianity and Islam are: • Missionary传教士religions, seeking conversion by others Universal, "all-or-nothing" religions, in the sense that it is believed by both sides that only their faith is the correct one Teleological religions, that is, that their values and beliefs represent the goals of existence and purpose in human existence. Western-Islamic

24. Results: • All these historical and modern factors combined, Huntington wrote briefly in his Foreign Affairs article , would lead to a bloody clash between the Islamic and Western civilizations. • Along with Sinic-Western conflict, he believed, the Western-Islamic clash would represent the bloodiest conflicts of the early 21st century. • Thus, the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and subsequent events including the Afghanistan and Iraq wars have been widely viewed as a vindication辩护;辩白of the Clash theory Western-Islamic clash Sinic-Western conflict

25. 4.Core state and fault line conflicts • In Huntington's view, intercivilizational conflict manifests itself in two forms: fault line conflicts and core state conflicts. • Fault line conflicts are on a local level and occur between adjacent states belonging to different civilizations or within states that are home to populations from different civilizations. • Core state conflicts are on a global level between the major states of different civilizations. Core state conflicts can arise out of fault line conflicts when core states become involved.

26. Ⅲ、Clash of Civilizations map orthodox western Sinic Clash of Civilizations map Islamic Hindu Latin American African western

27. Ⅳ、 Bibliography 参考书目 参考书目

28. Huntington, Samuel P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996 BOOK 1 Peters, Ralph, Fighting for the Future: Will America Triumph?, Mechanicsburg, PA, Stackpole Books, 1999 BOOK 2 Guy. Global communication without universal civilization. INU societal research. Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU Press. BOOK 3 《文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建 》-(美)塞缪尔·亨廷顿 著 新华出版社出版，2002 BOOK 4

29. click Case of the clash of civilization September 11 attacks • why does the following happen?

30. Ⅴ、Case of the clash of civilization Location: New York City; Arlington County, Virginia; and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.      Twin towers of the World Trade Center burning Tuesday, September 11, 20018:46 am) – 10:28 am) (UTC-4) Date: September 11 attacks Attack type: Aircraft hijacking, mass murder, suicide attack 6,000+ Death (s): al-Qaeda led by Osama bin Laden, see also Responsibility and Hijackers. Belligerent (s)：

31. Ⅴ、 Case of the clash of civilization How do you think about the September 11 attacks? Political struggle? 政治斗争 Nationalism? 民族主义 Religious war? 宗教战争 all of them it seems--

32. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement, in the "Holy Tuesday operation". The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the "principal architect" of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed "not from his experiences there as a student, but rather from his violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel" Attackers and their background

33. Osama bin Laden Osama bin Laden's declaration of a holy war against the United States.Bin Laden initially denied, but later admitted, involvement in the incidents. Attackers and their background

34. Attackers and their background • Other al-Qaeda members • In "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details. • They are Osama bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi Binalshibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni and Mohammed Atef. • To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks. Bin Laden has not yet been formally indicted for the attacks

35. V S • Why there are conflicts between different types of civilization? Christian Civilization Islamic Civilization

36. Jesus is the prophet static god faith in Muhammad Christianity Islam the single god the Trinity God Jesus is God Initiative god Faith in Jesus