Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

1. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Roxanne Riedy, MSN Marilee Elias, MSN

2. Health and Wellness Promotion • Health • Illness • Wellness

3. Health Promotion • What’s the motivation? • R/T Individual lifestyle • What are the choices?

4. Vs. Health Protection • How does the motivation differ? • R/T Individual lifestyle • Why make the choice to change?

5. Health Promotion Models • The Health-illness Continuum • Dunn’s Health Grid • Neuman’s Continuum • Pender’s Health Promotion • Wheel of Wellness • Transtheoretical Model of Change

6. Dimensions of Health Along Health and Illness Continuum • Biological factors • Nutrition • Physical activity • Sleep and rest • Meaningful work

7. Dimensions of Health Along Health and Illness Continuum (continued) • Lifestyle choices • Family relationships • Culture • Religion and spirituality • Environmental factors • Finances

8. The term “Health” refers to? • Physical Status • Emotional Well-being • Interpersonal Relationships • Intellectual function • Spiritual condition • Sexuality

9. “Health” is influenced by? • Patient’s Belief System • Attitudes toward control of health • We’ll revisit locus of control • Cultural Influences • Lifestyle behaviors • And of course the influence of Family

10. Illness Perspectives • Illness results from injury and/or disease • Inability to meet one’s needs • Acute Illness vs. • Chronic Illness vs. • Acute/Chronic Combo?

11. Wellness Perspectives • Continuum of Health • Optimal Health to • Maladaptive Health • What’s High-level Wellness?

12. Health Behaviors • Variables of Influence • Lifestyle • Locus of Control • Self-efficacy • Beliefs & attitudes about Healthcare • Self-concept

13. Variables Influencing Health Beliefs and Practices • Internal Factors • Developmental stage • Intellect • Emotion • Spiritual • Physical

14. More Variables • External Factors • Family • Socioeconomic • Culture & Ethnicity • Environmental

15. Biological Risk Factors • Genetics • Gender • Age • Developmental Stage

16. Other Risk Factors • Environmental • Lifestyle

17. Other Dimensions of Health Factors • Nutrition • Physical Activity • Sleep and Rest • Meaningful Work • Vulnerable Populations

18. Health Promotion • Activities to improve health & well-being • What are we aiming for? • Patient Empowerment • Good Decision Making • Lifestyles & Activities

19. Health Promotion Programs • Disseminating Information • Changing Lifestyles & Behaviors • Environmental Control • Wellness Assessments • Health Risk Appraisals • Remember nurses are A.T.A.T.T. (All Teaching All the Time)

20. Health Promotion and Vulnerable Populations • Age • Chronic disease • History of abuse/trauma • Limited economic resources • Limited social resources

21. Health Protection Activities • Prevent accidents • Occupational Safety & Health • Ensuring the Safety of Food & Drugs • Environmental Strategies

22. Disease Prevention Activities • Continuum of Disease • Prevent the Disease • Limit the Course of the Disease • Levels of Prevention • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

23. Health Promotion • Motivated by the desire to increase well-being • Related to individual lifestyle choices • Healthy People 2020 • National initiative • Addresses the effect of lifestyle on health • Created health improvement goals • Eliminate health disparities

24. Healthy People Initiatives • We’re in the 4th decade of this national health framework for public health preventions priorities and actions. • The overarching goals and focus topic areas are refocused every 10 years using the input from public health and prevention experts, government officials and the public.

25. Healthy People 2020 • “The launch of Healthy People comes at a critical time. Our challenge and opportunity is to avoid preventable diseases from occurring in the first place.” HHS Secretary Katherine Sebelius • Use of IT to make Healthy People come alive through a “challenge” to develop ‘myHealthyPeople’ apps. (www.healthypeople.gov )  • Revision of Healthy People 2010

26. Healthy People 2020 • Updated with New Topic Areas • Main (or broad) goals of this plan: • increase healthy life expectancy • reduce health care disparities • create social and physical environments that promote good health for all • Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages

27. New Topic Areas 2020 • Adolescent Health Genomics • Blood Disorders & Blood Safety Global Health • Early and Middle Childhood Preparedness • Dementias, including Alzheimer’s Disease • Healthcare-Associated Infections • Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being • Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health • Sleep Health • Social Determinants of Health

28. What’s in Healthy People 2020?(www.healthypeople.gov)

29. Next Class… • Teaching Project Presentations • Holistic View of Health

30. Holistic View of Health • Holism focus is relationships between all living things • The individual as a holistic being • Each person is unique • Basic human needs are integrated • Mind, body and spirit • Health is balance, integration and harmony in life

31. Holistic View of Health • Basic human needs: • Physiological • Psychological • Sociocultural • Intellectual • Spiritual

32. Physiological Dimension • Focus is achievement of basic needs: • Oxygenation • Circulation • Sleep & comfort • Nutrition • ELimination

33. Psychological Dimension • Focus is achievement of: • Positive self-esteem and security • Trusting relationships • Appropriate social skills • Coping skills

34. Sociocultural Dimension • Focus is achievement of: • Client needs • Both dependence and independence • Client Empowerment • Enabling the client to do for themselves

35. Intellectual Dimension • Focus is achievement of Cognitive Functions: • Judgment • Orientation • Memory • Ability to process information • Factors that impair cognitive functions

36. Spiritual Dimension • Spirituality is each individual’s relationship with: • Self • Others • Higher Power • Assists each person in determining their sense of meaning or purpose in life

37. Health Screening Activities • Secondary Level of Prevention • Lifespan considerations • Screenings throughout the Lifespan • Cultural Considerations

38. Nursing Assessments for Health Promotion • Health History/physical exam • Physical Fitness • Lifestyle and risk appraisal • Life-stress review • Nutritional Assessment • Other health screenings

39. Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion • Role Model • Counselor • Health Education • Motivation • Provide Support for lifestyle changes