Setting

1. Setting Where and when a story takes place

2. Setting Helps to: Provide background where char. lives Reveal information about characters Establish mood or atmosphere

3. Characters

4. protagonist The main character in a story; the character you are rooting for

5. Antagonist The character or force opposing the main character

6. Dynamic Character After Before A character who changes over the course of a story

7. Static character A character who remains the same over the course of a story

8. Flat character Has only one or two traits

9. Round CHaracter Has many different character traits

10. characterization How an author reveals the personality of a character in a story

11. Four types of characterization What a character himself says, thinks, does, feels Physical description of a character What other characters say, think, or feel Narrator’s direct comments “Jim and Della were foolish.”

12. plot The events that happen in a story

13. exposition Who, what, where, and when At the beginning of the story; provides background information about characters and setting

14. Exciting force The event that gets the action of the story going; the event that gets the story moving

15. Rising action The series of conflicts (struggles) that build the story to its climax

16. climax The high point, or turning point, in a story

17. Falling action Occurs after the climax; minor conflicts are solved.

18. Resolution A Royal The final outcome in a story; the end result

19. Plot Diagram Climax Falling Action Rising Action Resolution Exciting Force Exposition

20. Conflict A struggle (problem) between two forces

21. External conflict A character struggles with an outside force (nature, another character, society, etc.

22. Internal conflict A struggle with a character’s mind between needs, desires, or emotions

23. Types of conflict Man vs. man Man vs. society Man vs. nonhuman (nature, supernatural, beast, fate, etc.) Man vs. self

24. Point of view Perspective from which a writer tells the story

25. First Person P.O.V. The “I” narrator One of the characters is telling the story, using the pronoun “I”

26. Omniscient P.O.V. The “all-knowing” point of view The person telling the story knows everything there is to know about the characters: their thoughts, actions, problems, etc.

27. Limited Third Person P.O.V. The narrator, who plays no part in the story, zooms in on the thoughts and feelings of one character

28. The grass isn’t always greener on the other side THeme You can overcome your past A story’s message about life; The moral of a story Never underestimate your opponent Be careful what you wish for

29. Foreshadowing The use of clues to hint at events that will happen later in a story

30. flashback A scene that interrupts the present action to replay something that happened at an earlier time

31. Mood A story’s atmosphere or feeling it evokes

32. Symbol A person, place, thing, or idea that stands for itself as well as something beyond itself

33. Suspense Anxiety the reader feels about what is going to happen in a story

34. Dramatic irony Don’t open the door! When the audience knows something important that a character does not know

35. Verbal Irony “Wow, that outfit looks great on you.” When a writer or speaker says one thing but really means something completely different

36. Situational irony When there is a contradiction between what we expect to happen and what really does take place

37. Tone Serious Angry Sarcastic The attitude the writer takes toward a subject or character Humorous Sympathetic

38. Surprise ending Resolves a story’s conflicts in an unexpected way

39. Ambiguous ending An uncertain ending; an ending that can be interpreted in a number of different ways

40. Unreliable narrator May not always know the truth or may purposely choose to deceive us