Introduction to Computers

1. Introduction to Computers Instructor: Heman Lee www.aeromaniacs.com/class Jan 2009

2. This Course is for YOU! • Basic components of the PC • Speak Computerese (Geek Language) • Use Mouse and Keyboard • Navigate Windows OS • Copy/Cut & Paste • Safely turn off and on

3. The ENIAC • First Computer • Unveiled 1946 • $500,000 • 17,468 Vacuum Tubes • 8.5 X 3 X 80 feet Electronic Numerical Integrator & Computer

4. Altair 8800 1975 Kit only Intel 8080 CPU 8 bit Altair BASIC

5. The IBM PC 1981

6. Apple Macintosh 1984

7. What is a Computer? • Accepts/Inputs Data • Processes Data • Output Data • Stores Data Computer

8. Hardware vs Software • Information or application programs used by the computer. • You can not touch it. • Physical part of the computer • You can touch it

9. The Operating System • User Interface • Host for applications • Manages Hardware (ie Memory, Keyboard, Mouse) • Interface to Computer Hardware

10. Computer Process Input Output Monitor Mouse Windows CPU Printer Keyboard

11. What is a personal computer? • Monitor (LCD) • System Unit • Motherboard • Hard Drive • Floppy Drive • CD-ROM/DVD • Keyboard and Mouse • Peripherals • OS • Software

12. The Motherboard CPU

13. Hard Drive C:

14. RAM • Random Access Memory • Tied to the CPU • Main or primary storage • Volatile • Temporary (Volitile) • Speed 400MHz (Speed of Light)

15. Hard Drive vs RAM RAM Access 20-60ns Transfer 2-6 G/s Access Time 20 – 40 ms Transfer Rate: 70-100 KB/s

16. Removable Storage • Floppy • CD • DVD • Flash • Portable HD

17. What is a Bit? 0 or 1 On or Off

18. A Byte In computer memory terms, the definition of a byte is a collection of eight bits. 0100 0010 = A 0100 0011 = B

19. Storage Size How much data? A Picture file from a 5 M Pixel Camer ~ 2 MB 4 minutes of uncompressed video ~ 100 MB

20. Microsoft Windows OS • Windows 98,XP,Vista,7 ? • Desktop and icons • Task bar • Start button • Built-in Programs (WordPad, Paint)

21. The Mouse • Left Button Only • Click • Drag • Double-Click

22. Mouse Alternative • Trackball • Touchpad • Drawing Pad

23. QWERTY KEYBOARD Back when screens was green Print Screen to Clipboard Refresh Help Key NumLock On Numeric Keypad Windows Key Application Key Text Editing Navigation

24. Starting your computer • Before starting your computer make sure you do not have a diskette in your A drive • To start your computer just turn on the power switch or power bar (the computer will take a few minutes to go through its initialization procedure and you will eventually see your desktop and icons) • If this does not happen check that your monitor (i.e. screen ) is on.

25. Starting your computer, cont. • If computer was shut improperly, you may see a screen saying Windows would like to check your files for errors. • It may then say it has found an error and ask if it should fix the error. You will probably want to tell it to fix the error and skip the undo disk and next time try to do a proper shutdown

26. How to power up you PC(Booting) • Turn on the monitor • Turn on any peripherals attached to you computer’s system unit. • Locate the power bottom on the computer’s system unit. • Press it once.

27. Logon Screen

29. The Start Menu

30. Shutting down your computer • Windows is very finicky about being shut down properly (do not just shut the power off) • Move your cursor to start button and click • Click on the arrow after the padlock icon. • Click on Shutdown • WAIT (Windows will go through an elaborate process of making sure all programs are shut down. You will then see a Windows screen and eventually a black screen with the words “It’s now safe to turn off your computer”)

31. XP Shutdown Start>Shutdown the computer

32. Vista Shutdown

33. Windows 7 Shutdown Windows 7 Shutdown The Vista shutdown debacle is now fixed with Windows 7. Not only is it fixed, it is even better. You can custom what the button does with a simple right-click to launch the properties menu.

34. Restarting your computer • Sometimes your computer will start doing funny things or your mouse will stop working • Try ALT + CTL + DELETE • If you see a program is not responding, you can try to highlight that program and press the “End Task” button. • If nothing happens try ALT + CTL + DELETE again. This will restart your computer

35. Restarting your computer, cont. • If your mouse is working you can click on Start button, click on arrow • Click Restart and your computer will restart • Useful if your computer hangs.

36. Mouse • Pointing device that moves pointer or cursor • Point and click (tip of the arrow is the point) • Left and right buttons • Start programs - 2 clicks • Highlight text (click and drag) • Practice makes perfect

37. Mouse Arrow • Arrow • Busy • Text • Double arrow • Hand (Panning)

38. Scrolling pages • Mouse • Click on up and down arrows or • Click on top of and below that darker box without touching the box or • Click and drag the darker box • Keyboard (make sure cursor is on page by clicking on empty space) • Use arrow keys • Use page up, page down, home and end

39. Opening Programs • If on desktop as icon, double click on icon. If does not open press “Enter” key. • Click on “Start” button, Move cursor up to “Programs”. After menu on the right appears move cursor over to menu and up or down to required program. Click on program • If program has been minimized and appears on task bar, click on square representing program.

40. Closing programs • Click on the X icon in the top right hand corner of the window or • Put your cursor on File in menu bar and click, then move cursor down the drop-down menu to the bottom to word “Quit” or “Exit” or “Close”. Click on the word or • Hold down the Alt key and press F4.

41. Windows Controls Minimize Window Maximize/Restore (Full Scrn/Not FS) Close Program

42. What is a Windows? Title bar Menu bar Tool bar Status bar

43. Using Menu Bars • All Windows programs have a menu bar and everything you can do with that program will be available from one of the drop-down menus • Place tip of the cursor on the word in Menu bar and click. Move cursor down drop-down menu to selection you want to perform and click. • If item has an arrow pointing to the right move cursor to the right to see the submenu with more options.

44. Drop Down Menu With a sub-menu or cascading menu

45. List Box Look for the triangle to launch a List Box menu. Menu Menu The menu appear in the direction of the arrow.

46. Buttons New Help Button Toggle Works like a switch (on or off)

47. Radio Buttons Select Only 1 choice

48. Check Box Buttons • Multiply choices

49. Menu items common to most Windows programs • File (includes New file, Open file, Save and Print) • Edit (includes Find and Cut, Copy and Paste) • View (allows you to change the look of screen by adding and subtracting bars like tool bar) • Tool Bar(most programs but program specific) • F1 Helpused to give help in program’s functions and gives version number (About)

50. Cut/Copy and Paste (Drag) • Select the text or object. • Click on the selected area and drag it to another place in the document. • The mouse arrow will show a box next to it. • Let go of the mouse button.