Our Bodies, Our Health

1. Our Bodies, Our Health

2. Girl to Woman • Survey • Puberty • Hormones • Our brains • Sex • STDs • Pregnancy • Quiz

3. American HS girls & sex (2002-2007) • ½ of high school students have had sex • 15% had had sex with 4 or more partners • 40%: no condom used for last sexual act • 1 in 3 girls pregnant at least once by age 20 • Abstinence and chastity vows

4. American HS girls & sex (2002-2007) • 1 out 10 have had anal sex -2002 • 50% have had oral sex -2002 • 14% of new HIV in 13-24 age range (5K) • ½ of all new STDs in ages 15-24 (10 mill) • 12% pregnancies in girls 15-19 (750k)

5. Why Sex Ed? American girls 4X more likely to get pregnant than German girls American girls 5X more likely to have a baby than French girls American girls 7X more likely to have an abortion than Dutch girls American girls 5X more likely to be HIV+ than German girls American girls 70X more likely to get gonorrhea than Dutch or French girls

6. Your body during puberty • Hormones: Estrogen, Testosterone • Body changes (9-13) • Hair • Breasts get larger, sometimes painful • Getting your period/ menstruating • Brain changes • Moody, taking risks • Thinking about friends, boys • Smarter

7. This is your brain… on drugs

8. This is your brain… on hormones

9. This is your brain… on hormones!

10. Why girls are different • Girls’ brains 2 years ahead of boys’ • Girls wired to read emotion and faces • Girls care about approval, groups • Girls better at words, communicating • DRAMA: Teenage years! • Hormones • Talking w/ friends- dopamine/ oxytocin release • Friends & intimacy reduces stress • Boys- girls sex versus emotional attachment

11. Why girls are different • Testosterone- aggression, more visual • Estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin • Mothering, protective, conciliatory • PMS and mood changes • PMS and headaches • Risk taking at puberty • PFC more cells but few connections • Amygdala and pleasure • Depression

12. Girls and Sex • Fear/ judgment centers turned DOWN! • Pleasure/ impulse centers turned UP • Like taking Ecstasy/ cocaine • Dopamine and oxytocin UP! • Lasts 6-8 months • Any contact releases these hormones • Suppress anxiety, skepticism • Hugging and cuddling increases trust 20 second hug leads to increased trust

13. Girls and Sex • Wait a few months • Don’t hug unless you are prepared to trust • Sexting, etc. • Stress and sex – boys and girls • Breaking up & rejection • HURTS, just like physical pain • Orgasms in girls- more mental • Girls and need to become moms

16. Vaginal Intercourse

17. The uterus

18. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) • Girls and women more at risk • Male to female (10%) 2X female to male • WHY? • Bacteria- Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis • Fungal- Tinea (jock itch), yeast infection • Viral- HPV, HSV, HIV, Hepatitis • Parasites- crabs • Protozoal- Trichomoniasis • Deep kissing versus sex

19. Genital Warts

20. Genital Warts • Highly contagious • Oral, genital, or anal sex • HPV strains 6 & 11 resp for 90% of cases • HPV invades area, quiet for months to years • Unprotected sex= 70% chance of infection • Gardasil protects against 6,11, 16 & 18 • HPV strains 16 & 18 cause cervical cancer • 80% infected b/w ages 18-33

21. Genital Warts

22. HPV and the vaccine • Gardasil recommended from age 11-26 • Can be given to 9-10 year olds • $390 for the shots; free for 18 and younger • 3 shots over 3 months • Protects against 90% of warts, 70% of cervical cancer • Will not protect against other STDs • Call 311; Planned Parenthood; VFC program

23. Herpes Simplex (cold sore) HSV-1

24. Herpes Simplex (HSV-2) Genital

25. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) • Two major strains, HSV-1 and HSV-2 • Highly contagious • Once infected, have it for LIFE • Saliva, genital secretions • Can occur with and without visible sores • Transmitted to baby during childbirth • Virus activated by stress • Treatment

26. Types of Herpes Simplex • Oral herpes- cold sores- HSV-1; #1 • Genital herpes- HSV-2; # 2 • Herpes of other parts of body • 20% of US adults have HSV-2 antibodies • Lab tests • Treatment

27. Chlamydia

28. Gonorrhea & Chlamydia • Symptoms 2-5 days after infection • Burning when urinating • Green, yellow or white discharge in men • No symptoms in many women • Can cause PID – infertility, pain, abscess • Risk to baby • Treatment

29. Trichomoniasis

30. Trichomoniasis • Frothy, yellow-green discharge • Strong odor • Usually within 5-28 days of exposure • Single dose treatment • Treat both partners

31. Other infections • Vaginal yeast infections • Urinary tract infections • How to prevent them • Sex and UTIs • Symptoms • Treatment • Normal discharge

32. Douches

33. Tampons and how to use them • Tampon safety • Benefits • How to tampon • Can they get lost inside you? • Virginity • Too young • Toxic shock • Lost tampons

34. CONDOMS • Which one to get • How to put it on • When to take off • How to take off • Changing condoms • Keep extras • Cost

35. Proper condom use • Latex versus natural skin condoms • Not too tight or too loose; leave ¾ inch for semen at end • Don’t spill/ invert even if it looks empty • Don’t use condoms with additives • Flavored condoms for oral sex only

36. What happens if… • The condom breaks? • There’s no condom around? • Your boyfriend doesn’t like condoms? • Negotiation • Cultivating relationships • Power over your body • The condom gets lost inside you

37. Menstruation

38. Pregnancy prevention

39. Why wait to have a baby? • Only 40 % finish high school • Less than ¼ get a GED • Earn less than those who wait • Teen mothers likely to have teen mothers • Sons of teens more likely to go to prison

40. CONTRACEPTION • Types of contraception • Where to get it • Condoms • Pills • Take every day! • Cannot skip a day! • Shots (once every 3m) • Diaphragm, IUD

41. IUDs

42. Morning After Pill (Plan B) • Emergency contraception • Up to 5 days after intercourse • From $10-$70 • The sooner started, the better it works • Reduce risk by 89% if taken within 3 days • Nausea side-effect • 17 and older w/o prescription from drug store • Under 17, need to get a prescription • 1-2 doses of several or just one pill • Emergency IUD- 99.9% effective

43. Abortion Pill • Used for up to 9 weeks after the first day of last period (RU-486) • After than, an abortion procedure • 97% effective • Take one pill and antibiotics at clinic • Second pill to clean out uterus, menses within a few hours after this • Follow up in 2 weeks • Costs b/w $350-650

44. In-Clinic Abortions • For pregnancies 4 months or more • $350-900 • Procedure details • Parental consent • Get a test first

45. Where to get • Free condoms: • Ana Beauty Parlor 204 E117th St, M-Sun 10-7 • Bailey House 1751 Park, 121st • NYC.gov • For the pill – up to 11 weeks • For abortions- Planned Parenthood • 1-212-965-7000; 26 Bleecker St, NY • Email me at doc@ncwh.org

46. Signs of STDS • MOST COMMON SIGN OF STD? • Itching or burning • Vaginal discharge with a strong odor • Needing to pee a lot, pain when urinating • Pain with sex • Stomach pain • How to treat?

47. True or False? • Can you get STDs from toilet seats? • Can you get STDs from drinking from the same cup? • Can you get STDs from oral sex? • Can you get STDs from kissing? • Can STDs be treated? • How many kids have STDs in the US?

48. How to avoid pregnancy • Can you get pregnant when you are having your period? • Can you get pregnant with anal sex? • Can you get pregnant if he “cums” outside you? • Can you get pregnant with masturbation? • What is the “Morning After Pill”?

49. Pregnancy • What happens in pregnancy? • When can you get pregnant? • When can you not get pregnant? • What are some ways to avoid pregnancy? • What is contraception? • What are contraceptives? • Abstinence

50. YOU… in a few years