אוטיזם הגדרת הלקות, מאפיינים ודרכי התערבות

1. ??????????? ?????, ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????

2. ????? ??????, ????? � ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????: ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ????.

4. DSM / ICD ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????? (DSM) ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? (ICD) ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. DSM � Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-TR4) ICD � International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)

5. Rett ????? ????? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? Rett ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????. ????? ???? ????? � ?????????? ??????? ??????.

6. ????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? - CDD ??????? ????? ?? ??? 2 �3, ??? ????? ???: ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????. ??? ???? ?????????, ?????? EEG ?? ????.

7. ?????? 1. ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????-?????? ?????? ??????? ??????  ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??-?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????�

8. 2. ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????

9. 3. ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? (??? ???) ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? - ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????

10. ????? ?? ????? ? DSM ??????? - 6 ????????? ???? ?? ? 12 ??????? 2 ????????? ??????? ??????? 2 ?????????? ???? ?', ???????? 1 ???? ?' (??? ???????? ???? ?) ?????: ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? 36 ??????.

11. P.D.D.N.O.S. Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified ?????? ??? ???????????, ?? ?? 6, ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????.

12. ?????? ???? ????: ???? ??????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ???????: ???????? ??????, ???? ?????? ????, ????? ????????? ?? ????. ???? ?????????: ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????.

13. ????????? ????? ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder) ??????? \ ????????? ??? ???? OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) ????? ????? "?????" ?????? ??? \ ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? - ????????

14. ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????. ?????? ??????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? (?????, ????? ????????).

15. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????

16. ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? (??????? ??????) ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????.

17. ??????? ??????????? Central coherence - ????????? ?????? Executive functions - ??????? ???????? Verbal skills - ?????? ???????? Theory of Mind � ??????? ??????

18. ???????? ?????????? ????'?: ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??, ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? (Piaget, 1959).

19. ???????? ?????????? (????) ???????: ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????, ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ????? ???????????, ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????, ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????.

20. Verbal skills - ?????? ???????? Fawcett & Garton(2005) ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. Ashley and Tomasello (1998) ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? (????? 2 � 3.5) ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???. ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????.

21. Executive functions - ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ?????, ?????? ????? (?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????), ????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? (?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????) ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? 2 - 3, ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????

22. Executive functions - ??????? ???????? (????) ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? (???? ????? ???? ???? 3, ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 5). ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? (???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 3.5 ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????), ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????

23. ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????.

24. ????.... ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????, ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????, ????? ????? ??????.

25. Central coherence - ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ?"? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????.

26. ???? ?????????? ?????? (Weak Central Coherence) ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????, ???? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????.

27. ???? ?????????? ??????... ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???.

28. Theory of Mind � ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? "?????" ?? ??????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ???? ????????, ???????, ???????? ?????????. ????? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? "???????? ??????" ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? 3 � 5 ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????? .

29. ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?"???????? ??????" (???? ????). ?? ?? ??????? ??, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?? ????, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????

30. ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? � ???? ????? ????? ????: ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? (???? ????????? ????) ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????.

31. ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? (??? 3 � 6). ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???????, ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

32. TEACCH (treatment and education of autistic and communication handicapped children ) ??????? ?????: ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (??????? ??? ?????? (????????)�� ????? ????? - ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????� ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????

33. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? (??? ??? ????? � ?????? ?? ???) ????? ???? - ????? ??? ?? ?????? "????? � ???" (???????, ????? ??????). ???? ???? "?????" ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ????? ???? � ????? ??????? ????? ??????? � ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. 

34. ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????.

35. ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? � ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????).

36. ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????

37. ????? ??????

38. ????? ??????

39. ????? ??????

40. ????? ??????

41. ????? ???????

42. ??? ??? ?????

43. ??? ??? ?????

44. ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????

45. ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????

46. ????? ???? ?????

48. ABA (Applied Behavioral Analysis) ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? (??? 2 � 4) ??????? ???????????? ??? (20 � 40 ???? ?????)

49. ??????? ?????: ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????

50. ????? ????? : ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? (????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????). ????? ????????? ???? (????? ??? ????????? ??????, ????? ??????, ?????????). ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????

51. ????? ???????: ?????? ????? ????, 1:1, ??? ?????, ??? ??????? ??????. ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? (????? ??? ??????). ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ("????") ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ��������

52. ????? ??????? (????) ????????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????, ???? ????????, ???? ??? ?????.

53. ???? ??????: ????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ????? \ ???? \ ?????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????). ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????, ?????? ??????.

54. ???????: ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? � ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?????? � ????, ????, ?????. ????? ????? ?????? (?????) - ????? ???, ??????? ???'. ????? ????? - ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? (?? ???? X ????? ????).

55. ???? ??????? (?????)

57. ????? ????????? ???????? CBT

58. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????: ????? ?? ??? ?????. ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?"??" ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????.

59. 1. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? � ????? ?????????? ?? ????. ????? ???? ????????? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????. ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????.

60. 2. ????? ????? \ Carol Gray ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ????, ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????.

61. ????? ?????

62. ?. ?????? ???????????? "?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????????? '???????' ??? ????? ?? ASD"\ ???? ???? "???? ?????" ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?"??"?? ???? ?????? ??? "????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????."

63. ?. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? � ???, ?????, ??????, ???? ???'. "???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????."

64. ?. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????. "??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ???."

65. ?. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????. "??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ?????."

66. Social review .3 ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????.

67. Comic strip conversation .4 ???? ??? 2 ????? (?????). ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ????? � ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????.

68. 5. ???? - ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ????? - ????? ?????, ???? ????????? ????. ???? ????? ???? �????? ????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????, ???? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ???????, ???? ????? ???? � ????? ?????.

69. 6. ????? ????? ??????? ???-??????????: ?????? ?? ???? ???? (????? ???????). ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????????.

70. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????