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Carbons

Carbons. Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides . Describe some common organic reactions. Including : esterification, halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation Additional KEY Terms. halo group. R. O. x. The functional group of halocarbons is the halo group

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Carbons

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  1. Carbons

  2. Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides. • Describe some common organic reactions. • Including: esterification, halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation • Additional KEY Terms

  3. halo group R O x • The functional group of halocarbons is the halo group • general formula: R–X • X– represents any halogen attached to a hydrocarbon • usually man-made

  4. CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH - CH3 - F I • Properties of Halocarbons: • Polar covalent: < 5C (small) are soluble in water • Strong IMF (d-d)gives higher bp/mp • Can be alkyl halides OR aryl halides aliphaticchain aromatic ring

  5. H H C Cl H H Cl Cl C C C H H Cl Cl H tetrachloromethane 1- chloropropane

  6. H Cl - I CH3 C C H H CH3 C CH3 CH3 Br Naming HaloCarbons • name the halogen as a branch • replace - ineending with - o • multiple halogens are listed alphabetically. • All other rules the same (di, tri, lowest number…) iodomethane chloroethene 2-bromo-2-methylpropane

  7. 1. bromobenzene 2. 3-chloro-1-butene 3. 1,2 - difluoropropane 4. 1-bromo-3,5-diiodobenzene 5. 1,2,3 - triiodocyclopentane

  8. CH3 I-CH2-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 Br l l CH3 CH3 C H Cl - - l l CH3 l l Br

  9. ? Organic Reactions + =

  10. Halogenation Reactions UV light R-H + X2 R-X + HX + + + + Alkyl Halide Alkane Halogen Base Halocarbon Alcohol Halide ion Halogen halide 1. Replacewithahalogen group 2. Replaceof a halogen group (dehalogenation reaction) R-X + OH- R-OH + X-

  11. Br Br H C H C H H 3. Breaka multiple bond with a halogen group H + H H C C H H H alkene addition reaction elimination reaction alkyl halide

  12. H C H C H H + H H C C H H alkene Cl Cl Cl Cl addition reaction elimination reaction alkyl dihalide

  13. Esterificationreaction O C-C O-C O H H O H H O C-C O-C desterification reaction carboxyl acid ester + + alcohol

  14. hydrogenation reaction H H H H H C H C H H + H H C C H H alkene (alkyne) dehydrogenation reaction alkane (alkene)

  15. hydration reaction O H H H C H C H H H H + H H C C O H H alkene dehydration reaction alcohol

  16. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? • Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides. • Describe some common organic reactions. • Including: esterification, halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation • Additional KEY Terms

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