Lt. Col. Steve Stein Aerospace Education Officer 1LT Tom Tye Deputy AEO CPT Dona Stein

1. Civil Air Patrol Aero-Space Education Knowledge. Skills. Attitudes. Squadron Aerospace EducationTeam C/John Herman Cadet AEO Lt. Col. Steve Stein Aerospace Education Officer 1LT Tom Tye Deputy AEO CPT Dona Stein Orientation Rides Project Officer 24

2. Civil Air Patrol Aero-Space Education Knowledge. Skills. Attitudes. The Civil Air Patrol Model Rocketry Program Redstone Stage Text colored in green indicates Quiz material 23

3. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” Chinese invent rockets in the 1st Century A.D. • Made a simple explosive • powder from saltpeter, • sulfur and charcoal and used • in religious festivals. • Eventually these were turned • into weapons. “Fire Arrows” • were used at the battle of • Kai-Keng where the Chinese • repelled the Mongol invaders • in 1232 (13th Century). 22

4. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” • Simple rockets were used in other battles over the • centuries such as: • By the French against the • British in 1429 at Orleans • - Again in 1449 at Siege of • Pont-Andemer • - 100 lb. shrapnel carrying • rockets during the Thirty Year • War (1618-1648) • - In India against the British (1792-1799) 21

5. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” • Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion in the 17th Century were • used practically in the design of rockets. 20

6. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” • William Congreve, a British • military expert, used a more • scientific approach: • Standardized the composition • of gunpowder • Added “sticks” as flight • stabilizing guides • Increased rockets range • from 300 to 3,000 yards • “Congreve” rockets were used • by the British against Americans • at Fort McHenry in 1812 and are • the “rocket’s red glare” in “The • Star Spangled Banner” 19

7. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” • William Hale developed the • technique of spin stabilization • which increased stability and • accuracy. • By the end of the 19th Century • dreams of space flight were • beginning, but this would require • machines with great power and • speed. 18

8. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Konstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) • Russian teacher. • He was a visionary and is still • considered by his countrymen to be • the first scientist to lay the foundation • for space exploration. • He was fascinated by stories such as • Jules Vern’s 1865 novel “From The • Earth To The Moon”. • He invented concepts such as • spacesuits, microgravity, and rocket • control outside the atmosphere. 17

9. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Konstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) • In 1903 he published an article titled “The • Exploration of the World Space with Jet • Propulsion Instruments”. It is recognized • as being the first true, scientifically-based • proposal for space exploration. • The article covered such topics as: • - The relationship between the mass • of a rocket as it burns fuel, the velocity • of the exhaust, and its final velocity • - He illustrated a liquid oxygen/liquid • hydrogen engine which is the most • powerful chemical fuel combination, • used today by the Space Shuttle. 16

10. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Konstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) • He is often recognized as the Father of Space Travel. 15

11. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) • Born in Transylvania. At age 11 • he too was inspired by Vern’s • “From The Earth To The Moon”, • realizing that many of the book’s • concepts had sound science • behind them. • At age 14 he theorized a rocket • could travel through space by • expulsing exhaust gases. 14

12. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Herman Oberth (1894-1989) • As a doctoral student he wrote a • thesis on the development of the • rocket titled “The Rocket In To • Planetary Space”. • Though initially rejected by the • science community, the thesis • covered topics such as: • - Fuel consumption • - Fuel handling hazards • - Dangers of working with • solid propellant • - Possible hazards to humans 13

13. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Herman Oberth (1894-1989) • He also reasoned the concept of • “staging” to lighten a rocket and • improve its engine’s efficiency • by dropping off excess dead • weight. • In the 1930’s he worked with • Werner von Braun on • developing the V-2 rocket for • the German Army, and later they • worked together for the U.S. Army. 12

14. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) • The Father of practical modern rocketry. • In his high school valedictorian speech • he wrote, “The dream of yesterday, is • the hope of today, and the reality of • tomorrow”. • After a period of experimentation he • built and flew the first successful liquid • rocket, launched on 16 MAR 1926 near • Worchester, Massachusetts. • It flew for 2.5 seconds to an altitude of 41ft. 11

15. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) • One of the great advantages • of liquid fuel over solid fuel • is that it can be controlled. • During WWI his work on • solid fuels led to the • development of the WWII • anti-tank bazooka. 10

16. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) • In the 1920’s he wrote a paper • speculating on the eventual travel to • the Moon using high-powered rockets. • It caught the media’s attention where • he was ridiculed. This caused • Goddard to conduct most of his future • experimentation in secret. • He and his wife moved to New Mexico • and continued to conduct rocketry • experiments, and caught the attention • and interest of famed aviator Charles • Lindbergh. 9

17. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) • His research was little recognized • by the U.S. scientific community, • but was closely followed by German • scientists who were preparing for war. • His experimental work included: • - Fuel feeding devices • - Propellant pumps • - Gyroscopic stabilizers • - Flight monitoring instrumentation 8

18. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) • Just prior to WWII he helped the Navy develop the solid fueled Jet Assisted Take-Off (JATO) rocket. 7

19. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977) • Like many others, he was inspired • by the works of Jules Vern and H.G. Wells. • As a teen he was a follower of • Oberth and became involved in a • German rocket society. • In the 1930’s he worked with • Oberth developing German • rocketry. • He led the group that developed the • V-2 ballistic missile for the Nazis of • WWII. 6

20. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977) • Though controversy still looms over • whether he knew slave labor was used to • build the V-2, von Braun’s dream was • always manned space flight. • The V-2 was a marvel of its time: • - 46 feet long • - Weighed 27,000 lbs. • - A sophisticated and reliable liquid • fuel propellant system • - Flew at speeds in excess of 3,000 miles/hour • - Could carry a warhead/payload • 500 miles distant 5

21. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977) • As WWII was ending von Braun and • his team traveled west to meet up with • Allied troops and surrendered, not • wanting to be captured by advancing • Soviet troops from the east. • Under Operation: Paperclip, nearly • all the remaining V-2’s and their • production equipment was crated • up and shipped to Fort Bliss, Texas • along with von Braun and his team. 4

22. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977) • They continued their work • in New Mexico, later moving • to the Redstone Arsenal near • Huntsville, Alabama. • Von Braun’s team was • responsible for the Jupiter-C • missile that launched America’s • first satellite as well as developing • the Saturn V rocket that took men • to the moon. 3

23. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977) • He was always a prominent spokesman for space exploration and founded the National Space Institute public interest organization (which later merged with the L-5 Society to form the National Space Society). 2

24. “A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” Questions/Comments? 1

25. “CAP MODEL ROCKETRY PROGRAM” Rocket Say’s: “Rockets are COOL because that’s my name!” 0