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Magnitude 7.6, Sumatra, Sept 30 2009

Magnitude 7.6, Sumatra, Sept 30 2009. Where do Earthquakes Occur?. Marshak. Marshak. Marshak. Where do earthquakes occur? A closer look. Faults Listric faults (large landslides: gravitational collapse of volcanic edifices) Around Volcanos “Anthropogenic Earthquakes”

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Magnitude 7.6, Sumatra, Sept 30 2009

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  1. Magnitude 7.6, Sumatra, Sept 30 2009

  2. Where do Earthquakes Occur? Marshak

  3. Marshak

  4. Marshak

  5. Where do earthquakes occur? A closer look Faults Listric faults (large landslides: gravitational collapse of volcanic edifices) Around Volcanos “Anthropogenic Earthquakes” Collapse of mine shafts Explosions

  6. The Kursk Disaster On August 12, 2000 the Russian Oscar-Class Submarine, Kursk sank, killing all aboard… What happened (and what does this have to do with earthquakes)? Seismology (the study of earthquakes) gave clues about what happened. Russian officials later admitted that the disaster was the result of a faulty torpedo. Lesson: You Can’t Hide Big Explosions

  7. October 8, 2006North Korea Nuclear Test

  8. n) shear) Earthquakes come in all shapes and sizes Right vs. Left Lateral Marshak

  9. INTENSITY: Amount of ground motion = Destructive Power Qualitative measurement depends on: Magnitude Distance from focus Depth of focus Rock type Building type MAGNITUDE: Quantitative measure of the amount of energy released. The Richter Scale is logarithmic.

  10. Did you feel it?earthquakes.usgs.gov

  11. The Richter Scale is Logarithmic

  12. Press and Siever

  13. How Big is Big? If the ENTIRE San Andreas Fault ruptured at once…

  14. Percent Chance of a strong to great earthquake in the next 30 years along the San Andreas Fault

  15. What happens during an earthquake?

  16. Types of deformation Marshak

  17. Marshak

  18. What happens during an earthquake? Marshak

  19. May 24, 2006 Magnitude 5.4

  20. Surface Rupture Marshak

  21. What happens during an Earthquake? Kobe, Japan January, 1995 Magnitude 6.9

  22. SEISMIC WAVES The energy of an earthquake is dissipated by waves P (“primary”) Waves Compressional Push-pull motion Transmitted through liquids S (“secondary”) Waves Shear Side-to-side (and up-and-down) motion Slower than P waves Not transmitted through liquids Surface Waves Rayleigh waves (rotational motion, think waves in water) Love waves (Side-to-side motion)

  23. P Waves S Waves Marshak

  24. Rayleigh Waves Love Waves Marshak

  25. Marshak

  26. Marshak

  27. Marshak

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