What were Hitler’s early successes? (1933 – 1941)

1. What were Hitler’s early successes? (1933 – 1941)

2. The Aftermath of World War I left Germany Weak and Humiliated Germany to pay war reparations to France and Britain ($$) Germany to accept blame for war.

3. In 1923, in an effort to publicize the ideas of the Nazi political party, Adolf Hitler wrote a book…

4. Hitler’s Goals(as outlined in “Mein Kampf”) 1. Abolish the Treaty of Versailles 2. Unify ethnic Germans into “Greater Germany” 3. Persecute/Destroy Jews, Gypsies/ Roma, and social outcasts 4. Living Space for Germans (“Liebensraum”) 5. Destroy Communism

5. 1933Hitler’s Action: • Withdraw from the League of Nations • Stop paying reparations Allied Response: Condemn Hitler. Do nothing.

6. 1935Hitler’s Action: Re-armament (autobahn) (100,000 man Army allowed under the Versailles Treaty becomes the officer corps for the new million-man German Army)

7. 1935Allied Response to Hitler’s Rearmament: modernize military, condemn Hitler Sopwith Camel Hawker Hurricane Battleship Dreadnaught

8. 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis formed • Hitler and Mussolini agree to an alliance. They will defend each other and help other fascists come to power (i.e. Franco) Allied Response: Alarmed but no action.

9. 1936 – 1939Spanish Civil War • Hitler’s Action: Supply Franco’s fascists with weapons to win the war. Use war to test new weapons and tactics. General Francisco Franco Fascism: A government led by a dictator with complete power and control over industry and commerce. -Forcible suppression of opposition -Emphasis on aggressive nationalism and often racism.

10. Spanish Civil War Hitler’s “Condor Legion” commits Nazi Germany’s first mass atrocity by carpet-bombing civilians in Guernica, Spain. M

11. Spanish Civil War:“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso, 1937

12. Strongly condemn the fascists. What was the Allied Response to Spanish Civil War? Hitler, Mussolini: We condemn you! Pierre Flandin, French Foreign Secretary Stanley Balwin, British Prime Minister

13. 1936 Hitler re-occupies the Rhineland (This area had been demilitarized by the Versailles Treaty)

14. 1936 Hitler re-occupies the Rhineland Using your bicycle troops, I want you to re-occupy the Rhineland. If the French decide to fight, run away! Right away, Mein Fuhrer! General Von Fritsch

15. We can’t fight them without you! Besides, we are having an election and cannot upset our people by provokingwar with Germany. 1936Allied Response to Reoccupation of Rhineland: Lets send a stern letter to the League of Nations that condemns Hitler! The Nazis reoccupation of the Rhineland has violated the treaty of Versailles! What are you going to do about it? Pierre Flandin, French Foreign Secretary Stanley Balwin, British Prime Minister

16. March 1938Hitler’s Action:Anschluss: Unification of Germany and Austria

17. March 1938Allied Response to German/Austrian unification: “If the Austrians want it, let it happen. We can’t stop Hitler short of going to war.”

18. Sept-October 1938Hitler’s Action: After making demands, he Conquers Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia

19. Allied Response, Sept-Oct 1938 to Hitler’s Demand: Appeasement We will give you what you want this time, but DO NOT take any more territory or next time we WILL go to war! I promise! What is “Appeasement”? (Giving in to someone to calm them down.) (The September 1938 Munich Conference is famous for the Allies lack of resolve.)

20. Sept-Oct 1938Chamberlain returns home and proclaims:“There will be peace in our time!” -- Neville Chamberlain What is “Appeasement”? (Giving in to someone to calm them down.)

21. Appeasement • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-axJTzj0VU

22. March 1939Hitler’s Action: Occupy all of Czechoslovakia That’s it! Do it ONE MORE TIME and we’ll fight! We really mean it this time!

23. (also in March 1939)Negotiates a secret peace deal with Stalin to divide Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union (“Molotov-Von Ribbentrop Treaty”) This pact appeases Russia by giving them land.It also clears Hitler from fighting a two-front war if the British and French decide to fight.

25. Appeasement Lesson

26. September 1939Germany and Soviet Union invades PolandWorld War II begins. M

27. “Blitzkreig” Blitzkreig is a tactic that combines armored units (tanks), motorized troops, and air power to achieve victory at lightning speed

28. 1940German blitzkreig conquers Denmark and Norway

29. 1940German blitzkreig conquers France, Holland and Belgium in under six weeks M

30. 1940In an effort to capture oil, Fascist armies invade Romania and North Africa General Erwin Rommel, the “Desert Fox” of the Afrika Corps

31. 1940 • Germans plan to invade England but are turned back by the British Air Force in the Battle of Britain • Germans bomb London and other British cities during the Blitz M

32. Winston Churchill “The gratitude of every home in our island, in our Empire, and indeed throughout the world except in the abodes of the guilty goes out to the British airmen who, undaunted by odds, unweakened by their constant challenge and mortal danger, are turning the tide of world war by their prowess and their devotion. Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.”

33. The Bombing of Coventry If you were a British commander, would you keep the secret and let the people of Coventry suffer the surprise attack, or would you warn them and lose a strong advantage over the enemy?

34. World War II in Europe

35. Battle of the Atlantic • German U-boats (submarines) try to cut off Britain. • Blockade broken by armed convoys crossing the Atlantic from US to Britain. M

36. 1941 • Germans blitz through Yugoslavia and Greece

37. 1935 – 1941Nazi Victories Rhineland Spanish Civil War Austria Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland Denmark Norway HollandBelgiumFranceLibyaEgyptRomaniaYugoslaviaGreece Where was next?

38. Hitler’s Goals 1. Abolish the Treaty of Versailles 2. Unify all Germans in Greater Germany 3. Persecute/Destroy Jews, Roma, and social outcasts 4. Living Space for Germans ? 5. Destroy Communism

39. Summer 1941He invades the Soviet Union…It will be his biggest mistake of the war. M M “Operation Barbarossa” M