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Why Integrate Data?

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Why Integrate Data?

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  1. Integrating Environmental and Socioeconomic Data to Support Interdisciplinary Research and ApplicationsDr. Robert S. ChenDr. Alex de SherbininNASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)CIESIN, The Earth Institute, Columbia University6 July 2015CFCC Side Event:Trusted Data Service to Support Climate Change Research

  2. Why Integrate Data? Mitigating and adapting to climate change requires sound understanding of the interactions between human and environmental systems, e.g.: The Belmont Challenge: “To deliver knowledge needed for action to avoid and adapt to detrimental environmental change including extreme hazardous events” “This requires: • Assessments of risks, impacts and vulnerabilities, through regional and decadal-scale analysis and prediction • Information on the state of the environment, through advanced observing systems • Interaction of natural and social sciences • Enhanced environmental information service providers to users • Effective international coordination mechanisms.” http://www.igfagcr.org/belmont-challenge

  3. NASA Recognized the Need for Human Dimensions Data >20 Years Ago • EOSDIS data collection includes more than 3500 data types • Land • Cover & Usage • Surface temperature • Soil moisture • Surface topography • Atmosphere • Winds & Precipitation • Aerosols & Clouds • Temperature & Humidity • Solar radiation • Ocean Dynamics • Surface temperature • Surface wind fields & Heat flux • Surface topography • Ocean color • Cryosphere • Sea/Land Ice & Snow Cover • Human Dimensions • Population & Land Use • Human & Environmental Health • Ecosystems

  4. Data Center SIPSs Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Facilities Data centers, collocated with centers of science discipline expertise, archive and distribute standard data products produced by Science Investigator-led Processing Systems (SIPSs) ASF DAAC SAR Products Sea Ice, Polar Processes SEDAC Human Interactions in Global Change CDDIS Crustal Dynamics Solid Earth NCAR, U of Col. HIRDLS, MOPITT, SORCE LP DAAC Land Processes & Features GSFC GLAS, MODIS, OMI, OBPG GES DISC Atmos Composition & Dynamics, Global Modeling, Hydrology, Radiance Key NSIDC DAAC Cryosphere, Polar Processes OBPG Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry JPL MLS, TES ORNL DAAC Biogeochemical Dynamics, EOS Land Validation LAADS/ MODAPS Atmosphere LaRC CERES, SAGE III San Diego ACRIM ECS Sites GHRC Hydrological Cycle & Severe Weather PO.DAAC Ocean Circulation Air-Sea Interactions ASDC Radiation Budget, Clouds, Aerosols, Tropo Chemistry GHRC AMSR-E, LIS, AMSR2 Many have now become WDS Elements, including the NASA ESDIS Project as a Network Member

  5. SEDAC Operated by CIESIN at Columbia University • SEDAC’s mission is to develop and operate applications that support the integration of socioeconomic and earth science data and to serve as an “information gateway” between the earth sciences and social sciences • Direct support to scientists, applied and operational users, decision makers, and policy communities • Strong links to geospatial data community http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/

  6. SEDAC Provides a Diverse Array of Global Data and Services

  7. Modalities of Data Integration Supported by SEDAC • Development of integrated data products and services • Integrated use in scientific research and published studies • Direct use • Downstream use • Direct access through online tools and interoperable services • Simultaneous use in scientific models and decision support tools • Integrated use in technical reports and policy documents Credit: Ron Weaver, NSIDC

  8. Examples of Integrated Data Products • 2014 Environmental Performance Index • Includes indicator of air quality based on MODIS and MISR weighted by population and indicator of forest cover change based on MODIS and Landsat data (CIESIN and Yale) • Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) • Combines gridded population data with National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) night-time lights data (SEDAC) • Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity • Combines AVHRR with SEDAC population data (M. Imhoff) • Low-Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) • Combines GRUMP with SRTM DEM data (SEDAC) • Population, Landscape, and Climate Estimates, v.3 • Combines GRUMP with SRTM Digital Elevation Model data and other spatial datasets (SEDAC) • Anthropogenic Biomes, versions 1 and 2 • Includes data on population density, land use (specifically crop, pasture, and irrigated lands), and land cover (Ellis and Ramankutty)

  9. Health Annual Average PM2.5 Concentration, Population-weighted by Administrative Area • SEDAC’s GRUMP population grid was used to population-weight the exposure to PM2.5 (from MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth) by administrative area. • Excludes areas below WHO guideline of 10 µg/m3 de Sherbinin et al. 2014 “Using Satellite Data to Develop Environmental Indicators”Environmental Research Letters, 9 084013

  10. Typical Data Integration Applications • Identifying drivers of deforestation / biodiversity loss / land cover change / fire activity • Assessing population exposure to hazards / infectious disease / pollutants • Population weighting of exposure to create indices for health / hazards research • Identifying vulnerability of populations exposed to natural hazards / climate impacts • Masking areas based on population density / human influence thresholds

  11. Example Integrated Data Use: Simulation Model and Research Translation • Simulation Model • Seto, K.C., B. Güneralp, et al. 2012. Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 109(40): 16083-16088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211658109). Figure 1: Global forecasts of probabilities of urban expansion, 2030. Figure 2: Groundwater stress may be affecting ~1.7 billion people and could limit the potential to increase agricultural production. • Research Translation • Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M. F. P. & van Beek, L. P. H. (2012) Water balance of global aquifers revealed by groundwater footprint. Nature488(7410): 197-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11295.

  12. Open Mapping Tools and Services • Open web processing services and mapping tools to enable users to perform simple spatial queries • New hazard mapper and iOS app will support queries reflecting environmental and socioeconomic features http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/gpw-v3/population-estimation-service http://beta.sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/mapping/hazards/#

  13. Scientific/Technical Spatial mismatches (coastlines/boundaries) Continuous variation in remote sensing variables but socioeconomic data are reported only by admin units Temporal resolution / frequency of updates regular remote sensing observations and future climate projections vs. often “static” socioeconomic data Consistent remote sensing measurements across countries but inconsistent socioeconomic measurements across countries Institutional/Cultural Different concepts, terminology, units of analysis, spatial/temporal frameworks Confidentiality/privacy issues associated with socioeconomic data Lack of legal interoperability across disciplines, domains Different approaches to data management Some Barriers to Integration

  14. Belmont Forum – E-Infrastructure & Data Management Project “Integrating data from the natural and social sciences, as well as from the health and engineering domains, is an essential step in delivering information and knowledge about risks, impacts and vulnerabilities associated with global change and potential mitigation and adaptation options, and their potential impacts. The development and orchestration of relevant and shared data-intensive workflows across data and computing infrastructures are critical to make better-informed decisions.” • “Example of scoping workshop: Bring together existing Future Earth and other interdisciplinary research projects that currently utilize, or plan to utilize, data from two or more natural, social, health and engineering science domains, and/or created value-added integrated products.” http://www.bfe-inf.org/sites/default/files/doc-repository/A_Place_to_Stand-Belmont_Forum_E-Infrastructures__Data_Management_CSIP.PDF

  15. Upcoming Activities • Research Data Alliance will hold its Sixth Plenary in Paris in September 2015, hosted by Cap Digital • Focus on climate data • Climate Change Data Challenge • RDA, CODATA, and ICSU WDS are planning “International Data Week” in fall 2016 in DC area Thanks for your attention! Data integration is only a first step!

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