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M7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE 1:15 PM; September 19, 2017

M7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE 1:15 PM; September 19, 2017. Epicenter 125 km (75 miles south and east of Mexico City); 51 km (31 miles) deep. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA.

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M7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE 1:15 PM; September 19, 2017

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  1. M7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE 1:15 PM; September 19, 2017 Epicenter 125 km (75 miles south and east of Mexico City); 51 km (31 miles) deep Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

  2. THE SEPTEMBER 19, 2017 MAGNITUDE 7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE CAUSED A DISASTERIN MEXICO

  3. MEXICO

  4. EARTHQUAKES DEFINE PLATE BOUNDARIES: PACIFIC AND COCOS PLATES AFFECT MEXICO

  5. M7.1 RABOSA QUAKE

  6. EPICENTER LOCATED NEAR PUEBLA

  7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT:Information in this file is based on knowledge and experiences shared by the USGS and Mexican ministries, universities, and officials with neighboring countries and others.

  8. ACKNOWLEDGMENT:All photographs of damage are used for educational purposes only without any financial benefit of any kind to anyone.

  9. Mexico has a long historical record of damaging earthquakes

  10. FAULTS: COCOS PLATE SUBDUCTION ZONE

  11. CAUSE OF MEXICO’s SEISMICITY • The interaction of the Cocos and North American plates is the main causative factor for the seismicity of Mexico.

  12. CAUSE OF BUILDING DAMAGE IN MEXICO CITY • The soft sediments of the old lake bed zone in Mexico city---now the foundation of many tall buildings--- amplifies ground motion in the 2.0 second period band---the fundamental period of many of the tall buildings.

  13. PERIOD-DEPENDENT AMPLIFICATION IN MEXICO CITY’s LAKE BED AONE

  14. EARLY REPORTS (SEPT. 19-20 data subject to change) • COLLAPSED/PANCAKED BUILDINGS IN MEXICO CITY’s LAKE BED ZONE • OFFICES, SCHOOLS, HOMES, HOSPITALS DAMAGED • 21 SCHOOL CHILDREN KILLED IN COLLAPSED ENRIQUE REBSAMEN SCHOOL; OTHERS MISSING. • AT LEAST 225 DEATHS

  15. EXAMPLE OF PANCAKED BUILDING

  16. LATER REPORTS (SEPT. 21 data subject to change) • Nearly 5 million homes, businesses and other facilities lost electricity, including 40 percent of homes in Mexico City. • The earthquake tore gas mains and sparked fires across the city and other towns in central Mexico .

  17. EARLY REPORTS (Subject to change) • THOUSANDS RUSHED OUTSIDE DAMAGED BUILDINGS; LATER SLEPT OUTSIDE TO AVOID BEING TRAPPED AFTER AFTERSHOCKS • INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE • ROADS AND BRIDGES DAMAGED • AIRPORT CLOSED

  18. MEXICO CITY: OFFICE BUILDINGS EVACUATED

  19. DAMAGE TO ROAD

  20. INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE

  21. INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE

  22. INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE

  23. MEXICO CITY: ENRIQUE REBSAMEN SCHOOL COLLAPSED

  24. ONE OF MORE THAN 70 RESCUES

  25. ONE OF MORE THAN 70 RESCUES

  26. MEXICO CITY HOSPITAL: TREATING PATIENTS OUTSIDE

  27. SEPT. 23, 2017: WAY BEYOND THE GOLDEN 48 HOURS FOR S & R • AT LEAST 305 CONFIRMED DEATHS; MANY BELIEVED TO BE BURIED UNDER THE RUBBLE • “ZERO PROBABILITY” OF FINDING ANYONE STILL ALIVE UNDER THE RUBBLE • RECOVERY PHASE IS NEXT

  28. ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

  29. HAZARDS EXPOSURE VULNERABILITY LOCATION ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISK RISK

  30. SEISMICITY TECTONIC SETTING & FAULTS EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MODEL

  31. FAULTS: COCOS PLATE SUBDUCTION ZONE

  32. LOCATION OF STRUCTURE IMPORTANCE AND VALUE OF STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS EXPOSURE MODEL

  33. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS(the potential disaster agents) FAULT RUPTURE, GROUND SHAKING, SOIL AMPLIFICATION, GROUND FAILURE (LIQUEFACTION, LANDSLIDES), AFTERSHOCKS

  34. TSUNAMI FAULT RUPTURE DAMAGE/ LOSS TECTONIC DEFORMATION DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS FOUNDATION FAILURE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/ LOSS SITE AMPLIFICATION DAMAGE/ LOSS LIQUEFACTION DAMAGE/ LOSS LANDSLIDES DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS AFTERSHOCKS DAMAGE/ LOSS SEICHE DAMAGE/ LOSS GROUND SHAKING

  35. GROUND SHAKING

  36. GTOUND SHAKING HAZARD

  37. QUALITY OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ADEQUACY OF LATERAL-FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM VULNERABILITY MODEL

  38. 35 30 25 UNREINFORCED MASONRY, BRICK OR STONE 20 REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH UNREINFORCED WALLS 15 10 REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS STEEL FRAME ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME 5 0 V VI VII VIII IX CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND SHAKING MEAN DAMAGE RATIO, % OF REPLACEMENT VALUE INTENSITY

  39. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION IN OLD LAKE BED ZONE PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  40. THE ALTERNATIVE TO AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER ISEARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

  41. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • FORECASTS/SCENARIOS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION EARTHQUAKE RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION MEXICO’S COMMUNITIES HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

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