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Josef Vojtěch Miloslav Hůla, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil , Pavel Škoda

Equipment for open photonic networking. Josef Vojtěch Miloslav Hůla, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil , Pavel Škoda. www.ces . net. czechlight.cesnet.cz. vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz. Equipment for Open Photonic Networking. Authors participate on : CESNET research program ( www.ces.net ),

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Josef Vojtěch Miloslav Hůla, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil , Pavel Škoda

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  1. Equipment for open photonic networking Josef Vojtěch Miloslav Hůla, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil, Pavel Škoda www.ces.net czechlight.cesnet.cz vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz

  2. Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Authors participate on: CESNET research program(www.ces.net), GN3 (www.geant.net), Presented content does not necessarily reflect an official opinion of any institution or project. CEF Networks 2010

  3. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingOutline • Free and Open Software, Free HW, Open and Free HW in Networking • Open Photonic Systems • Building Blocks • Monitoring and Planning of Photonics Systems • Operational Costs • Conclusions • Acknowledgement • Q & A CEF Networks 2010

  4. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingFree a Open Source Software • Free a Open source SW • Free SW - freedom to use, study and modify not necessarily for free, sometimes Libre is used to avoid misunderstanding • Open source SW – open source code for development by user community and freedom of redistribution • These classes not exactly the same - some „open“ licenses to restrictive for „free“ on a contrary some „free“ licenses unacceptable under „open“ • Differences are small, majority of „free“ SW is also „open source“ and vice versa • Business model of free SW is typically based on added services, for example customer support, training, customization, integration or certification • Commercial software can be free software or proprietary software, contrary to a popular misconception that "commercial software" is a synonym for "proprietary software" (an example of commercial free software is Red Hat Linux) • Freeware • Usage free of charge • Authors retain all rights, reverse engineering, modification and redistribution can be limited Source: wikipedia CEF Networks 2010

  5. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingOpen Hardware • Success of free and open SW is obvious • Open source hardware • Designed and offered in the same way asfree andopen SW • Open approach applied to HW (for example schematics) • Freeand open approach applied to SW controlling this HW • Open design • Design of products or systems through publicly shared information Source: wikipedia CEF Networks 2010

  6. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingFree and Open Approach in Networking • What about free and open approach in networking? • It exists, especially at higher levels, plenty of smaller project, e.g. open routers • Also vendors of proprietaryequipment developed for commercial ISPs use this approach: e.g. Juniper has opened network OS JUNOS (based on Free BSD) and created Partner Solution Development Platform already in 2007 • Nevertheless R&E network operators know first what they and their customers/members need • This should allow fast development of innovative and better services • Also it can bring partial independence on vendors roadmaps, typically oriented to ISPs or carriers • What about the lowest layers, especially photonic? CEF Networks 2010

  7. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingFree and Open Approach in Transmission Systems • Open transmission system have been developed in CESNET • It uses open source SW based on Debian and SLAX • System users can (and are encouraged to) actively improve SW – they know the best what they need • Fast development of new and better features and services • Freedoms preserved • To operate system according needs • To study how system works • To modify system • Business model is similar to open SW – e.g. design of systems, maintenance, customization and support CEF Networks 2010

  8. ADD DEMUX OADM MUX DROP Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocks of Open WDM Systems • Traditional static WDM systems consist of few basic building blocks • MUX/DEMUXes, OADMs, amplifiers, DCUs • Available building blocks of open system • Amplifiers of different types: EDFA, Raman, TDM-Raman (spectrally flat gain and OSNR) • Tunable CD compensators based on different principles: FBG, GTE, VIPA, MZI • Remaining necessary blocks available from 3rd parties CEF Networks 2010

  9. TX A λ1 ------ λN TX 1 λ1 λN λ1 λN λ1 λN λ1 ------ λN D E M U X V M U X ......... ......... OA M U X OA TX N TX B Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocksof Open WDM Systems • Modern WDM systems with dynamic lambda routing capability deploy additional blocks: • VMUXes - dynamical signal attenuation, equalization • ROADMs - dynamical add drop • Open system • VMUXes, ROADMs CEF Networks 2010

  10. OA OA OA OA OA OA OA ADD ADD ADD ADD DROP DROP ADD DROP DROP DROP ROADM ROADM ROADM ROADM ROADM Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocks of Open WDM Systems • WDM systems with traditional 2 degree ROADMs – ring topology CEF Networks 2010

  11. OA OA TX A TX 1 λ1 λN C o l o r L e s s λ1 ------ λN V M U X λ1 ------ λN ......... ......... M U X TX N TX B Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocks of Open WDM Systems • Automatic and touch-less lambda provisioning • Colourless inputs/outputs – necessary to support tunable transceivers, composite signals can be treated • To avoid expensive and potentially inaccurate manual work, especially in field • Multi-degree ROADMs (deg>2) – allow to built more advanced topologies (meshes, ring of rings,…) • Open system • colourless VMUXes, multideg. ROADMs CEF Networks 2010

  12. OA Color -less DROP OA OA OA Color -less ADD Color -less DROP Color -less ADD Color -less DROP Color -less DROP Color -less ADD Color -less ADD MUX DEMUX CL oe l e os r TX 4k CL oe l e os r TX 8k Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding blocks of Open WDM systems Multidegree ROADM (degree=4) CEF Networks 2010

  13. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocks of Open WDM SystemsFibre Switches • Backup or resources sharing • CLS 16x16 – mechanically based, broadband Operational band O + C + L Insertion loss 2 dB Switching speed 40 ms Durability 109 cycles • CLS 8x8 (PM) – non-mechanically based Operational band C Insertion loss 4 dB Switching speed 3 ms Durability MTBF 106 hrs (114 years) • CLS 16x16 – non-mechanically based Operational band C Insertion loss 5 dB Switching speed 3 ms Durability MTBF 5*105 hrs CEF Networks 2010

  14. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocksof Open WDM systemsMulticast Fibre Switches • Dynamic distribution of high speed signals or real time signals,for example 4K, 8Kor uncompressed HD video • CLM 4x4, 8x8, 2x16 – mechanically based, broadband Operational band O – L (1310-1600nm) Insertion loss9, 12, 14 dB Switching speed 10 ms Durability 107 cycles • CLM 4x8 - non-mechanically based Operational band C Insertion loss 14 dB Switching speed 6ms Durability MTBF 106 hrs CEF Networks 2010

  15. IN OUT IN OUT 33% RX 4k 90% RX 4k TX 4k 1 1 TX 4k 1 1 33% RX 4k 5% OSNR 33% 90% RX 8k RX 8k TX 8k TX 8k 33% 5% RX 8k OSNR 16 16 16 16 33% 5% RX 8k Res CD Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocks of Open WDM SystemsMulticast on Demand Fibre Switches • Switching from 1:1 to multicasting or monitoring with on-fly variable ratios • CLS/M 8x8, CLS/M 16x16 Operational band C Insertion loss 4-13, 5-17 dB Switching speed 3ms Durability MTBF 106, 5*105 hrs CEF Networks 2010

  16. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBuilding Blocksof Open WDM Systems • Wavelength converters (up to 40Gb/s, multicast option) • Channel (lambda) monitors • Next blocks are continuously developed and improved CEF Networks 2010

  17. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingMonitoring of Open WDM Systems • Web based system for optical devices monitoring • Interactive topology map • Display “real-time” device state • Proactive monitoring for NOC • Saves long history to allow trends analysis (e.g. attenuation) • Supports all CLA devices; future releases will also include 3rd party optical devices • Linux based using Apache, PostgreSQL and SVG technology • Monitoring is available as CESNET service CEF Networks 2010

  18. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingMonitoring of Open WDM Systems Management SW, screen shot CEF Networks 2010

  19. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingPlanning Software for PhotonicNetworks • CESNET worked on conceptualization of networks on photonic layer (Phosphorus, Deliverable 6.9, http://www.ist-phosphorus.eu/files/deliverables/Phosphorus-deliverable-D6.9.pdf) • Some HW vendors have proprietary planning SW for optical transmission systems (we did not find publicly available information) • Capability of these systems to plan networks with multivendor equipment is missing • Working on own SW • If you know about any SW, let us know... CEF Networks 2010

  20. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingExample of Transmission Costs • Power consumption (expressed by cost)of Open equipment is significantly lower then in network lighted by equipment developed for commercial internet providers • Open devices can lower the lighting cost about three times compared with equipment developed for commercial internet providers • Availability of open equipment can help to ask other vendors for high discounts CEF Networks 2010

  21. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingExample of consumption savings • The difference in fibre lightning costs is mainly because of Open system optimization for longspan transmission • The difference in power consumption costs between Open equipment and equipment developed for commercial internet providers is about 7 EUR/km/y • That means savings of about 70 000 EUR/y just in R&E fibre footprint of 10 000 km CEF Networks 2010

  22. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingExample of BidirectionalTransmission Cost over Single Fibre • Fibre pair lease 500 EUR/km/y • Open transmission cost 177 EUR/km/y • Single fibre lease 300 EUR/km/y • Open transmission cost 207 EUR/km/y • Saving of 170 EUR/km/y by single fibre used which represents saving of about 25% CEF Networks 2010

  23. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBidirectional Transmission over Single Fibre • + Pros • Cost – for example 25% saving • Verified in operation – e.g. by SWITCH, CESNET • Higher availability of PoPs (two topologically diverse single fibre lines are more reliable than one fibre pair line) • Sufficient for lines without (expected) high demand for bandwidth • - Cons • Half number of available channels • C band@100GHz 32->16 or 40 ->20 • C band@50GHz 80 -> 40 • C+L band@50GHz 160 -> 80 • Slightly complicated HW – combination, split • Slightly difficult debugging - reflections CEF Networks 2010

  24. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingConclusions • Open photonic systems exist and are continuously developed including their management SW • Open system optimization for long span transmission systems can cut down lambda transmission cost and power consumption cost significantly when compared to equipment developed for commercial internet providers • Single fibre utilization can offer additional important saving from transmission cost • The power consumption cost of system with modern photonic transmission equipment IS an advantage if considered in large scale • In long term perspective, relative prices of equipment are decreasing, new equipment developed for commercial internet providers can be less expensive and new open photonic equipment can be also less expensive:you should always compare before decision CEF Networks 2010

  25. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingAcknowledgement • Jan Gruntorád, Lada Altmanová, Miroslav Karásek, Martin Míchal, Václav Novák,Karel Slavíček, Stanislav Šíma CEF Networks 2010

  26. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingThank You for attention!Q&A?vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz CEF Networks 2010

  27. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingList of Acronyms 1 • ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission • CD Chromatic Dispersion • CS-RZ Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero • CW Continuous Wave • DCF Dispersion Compensating Fibre • DFG Difference Frequency Generation • DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying • DSF Dispersion Shifted Fibre • DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing • EDFA Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier • FBG Fibre Bragg Grating • FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum • FWM Four Wave Mixing • GE Gigabit Ethernet • GTE Gires-Tournois Etalon • HD High Density • HNLF Highly Non Linear Fibre • LAN Local Area Network • MAN Metropolian Area Networks • MMF Multi Mode Fibre CEF Networks 2010

  28. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingList of Acronyms 2 • MZI Mach Zhender Interferometer • NF Noise Figure • NIL Nothing in Line • NREN National Research and Educational Network • NRZ Non Return to Zero • NZDSF Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fibres • OA Optical Amplifier • ODB Optical Duo Binary • OEO Optical-Electrical-Optical • OOK On-Off Keying • OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio • PC Personal Computer • PCI-X Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended • PDFA or PrDFA Praseodymium (Pr) Doped Fibre Amplifier • PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit • QoS Quality of Services • REN Research and Educational Network • RFA Raman Fibre Amplifier • RZ Return to Zero • SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering CEF Networks 2010

  29. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingList of Acronyms 3 • SC Super Continuum • SMF Single Mode Fibre • SNR signal to noise ratio • SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier • SSMF Standard Single Mode Fibre • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol • TDFA Thulium (Tm) Doped Fibre Amplifier • TDM Time Division Multiplexing • WAN Wide Area Network • WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing • XFP 10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable • XGM Cross Gain Modulation • XPM Cross Phase Modulation CEF Networks 2010

  30. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingReferences1 • [1] Petr Holub, Josef Vojtech, Jan Radil, et. al.,„Pure Optical (Photonic) Multicast“, GLIF 2007 Demo, Prague, 2007. • [2] Jan Radil, Stanislav Šíma, „ Customized Approaches to Fibre-based E2E Services“, TERENENA 1st E2E Workshop, Amsterdam, 2008. • [3] Stanislav Šíma, et. al.,„LTTx: Lightpaths to the application, From GOLEs to dispersed end users “, GLIF 2008 Workshop, Seattle WA, 2008. • [4] Josef Vojtěch, Jan Radil,„Transparent all optical switching devices in CESNET“, 25thAPAN meeting, Honolulu HI, 2008. • [5] Radil J., Vojtěch J., Karásek M., Šíma S.: Dark Fibre Networks and How to Light Them, 4th Quilt Optical Networking Workshop, Fort Lauderdale FL, 2006. CEF Networks 2010

  31. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingReferences2 • [6] www.seefire.org, Deliverables • [7] czechligh.cesnet.cz, Publications • [8] Global Lambda Integrated Facility, http://www.glif.is • [9] Vojtěch J., „CzechLight and CzechLight amplifiers“. In: 17th TF-NGN meeting, Zurych, Switzerland, April 2005 CEF Networks 2010

  32. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingTransmission Systemsa little bit of history • 1st. and2nd.generation • MM 850nm, SM ITU-T G.652 1310nm, reach increase - regeneration • 3rd. generation • SM 1550nm, reach increase - regeneration, (DSF ITU-T G.653) • 4th. generation, introduction of WDM, real breakthrough - huge bandwidth increase • Amplification - EDFA, (development 80’s, commercial availability 90’s) • Fibres accordingG.653unsuitable due to FWM, introductionofNZDSFITU-T G.655 • ? 5th. gen – predicted in 2000 ultra-broadband O, E, S, C, L, U (1260-1650 nm), in lab still CEF Networks 2010

  33. Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingPresent Transmission Systems • Common 50/100 GHz systems, C band,approx. 80/40channels, C+L bandapprox. 160 channels • Commercially available 25 GHz systems and e.g. undersea 33 GHz systems • Why not ultra broadband? - Bandwidth demand satisfied by serial speed growth • But 10->40G transition (ODB, DPSK) brought strict design rules • 100G coherent PM-DQPSK solves some issues • + Works over 50 GHz grid • + Design rules almost 10G; CD, PMD electronic compensation • - Sensitive to non-linearities, FWM->DCFs removal->coexistence with present 10G channels? • - Cost of complicated modulation format (TX+RX) + necessity of powerful DSPs and ADCs • Proposed alternative modulation formats: 16 QAM, OFDM, 3ASK-PSK,… CEF Networks 2010

  34. Equipment for Open Photonic Networking100G PM-DQPSK - TX RX proposal • Hopefully will gain from integration Source: www.oiforum.com CEF Networks 2010

  35. Equipment for open photonic networkingWavelength Selective Switch Wavelength selective switch, degree 4, the principle CEF Networks 2010

  36. Equipment for open photonic networkingPresent Transmission Systems • „Digital“ DWDM system • Profits from photonic integration – photonic integrated circuits (PIC) • Do not use optical processing (CD, EDFA) but massive OEO regeneration in each node DWDM system on chip, source: Infinera CEF Networks 2010

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