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Explore the causes of World War I, including imperialism, militarism, and the armament race. Discover how the war began and who was to blame. Learn about the difficulties in the peace process that led to another war.
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Unit Goal • This will be an essay test. No notes will be allowed. • List and describe the causes of the First World War. Then describe how the war began. Who was to blame? • Describe how the First World War ended. Identify and explain the difficulties in the peace process that would lead to another war.
Causes of the First World War • Imperialism • Militarism • Hiram Maxim – Machine Gun • Naval arms race between Britain and Germany
Causes of the First World War • Nationalism • Tensions between new states • Tensions between various ethnic groups • Alliance System
Alliances • Resulted from the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 • Triple Entente: France, Russia, Britain • Britain only pledged to the defense of Belgium
Alliances • Triple Alliance • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • All major nations will also have alliances with the smaller nations: Russia and Serbia, Britain and Belgium
Events Leading to World War I • Murder of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
Austria Hungary • Created in 1867 because of a nationalist revolt in Hungary • 2 nations ruled by the same man • Foreign policy and military are run jointly • Ruled by the Emperor Franz Joseph (r. 1847-1917)
Franz-Joseph • Hapsburg • Family ruled southeast Europe and the Balkans
The Balkans • The Balkans, the southeastern corner of Europe, were called the “Powder Keg of Europe”
Serbia • Created in 1878 • Wanted to unite southeast Europe under her control – Greater Serbia • Used terrorism • Created the Black Hand • Gavrilo Princep shot the Archduke in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914
War Begins • Murder brings in all the alliances • Germany puts the Schlieffen Plan into effect
The Schlieffen Plan • Plan to fight Russia and France at the same time • Based on railroad timetables • Take out France first, then turn around and attack Russia • Because France was attacked, Russia attacked Germany
The attack through Belgium brought Britain into the war Attack quickly bogged down. First Battle of the Marne, September 1914 Race to the Sea Trench Warfare by October
Sides in the War • Central Powers • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria • Allies • Britain, France, Russia (left in 1918), Italy, (joined 1915), United States (joined 1917), Japan
