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Ductile (Plastic) Deformation

Folding. Ductile (Plastic) Deformation. B. A. Identify the foot wall block. Identify the hanging wall block. Is this a strike-slip or dip-slip fault? Is this fault caused by tensional or compressional forces? Is this a normal or reverse fault?. Faults (brittle strain).

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Ductile (Plastic) Deformation

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  1. Folding Ductile (Plastic) Deformation

  2. B A • Identify the foot wall block. • Identify the hanging wall block. • Is this a strike-slip or dip-slip fault? • Is this fault caused by tensional or compressional forces? • Is this a normal or reverse fault?

  3. Faults (brittle strain) All of the faults occur in this region as the Earth is broken. Brittle Deformation Region Normal, Reverse, and Strike-slip faults Fracture point Folds (ductile strain) All of the folds occur in this region as the Earth is bent but not broken. Ductile Deformation Region Anticlines, Synclines, Monoclines, Basins, Domes Stress (a compressional, tensional, or shear force) Elastic Limit point Earthquakes (elastic strain) Earthquakes occur in this region due to Elastic Rebound There is NO permanent deformation This does not create a break in the Earth. The earth is already broken. This is just slippage along the break. Elastic Deformation Region

  4. Folded Structures • Anticlines • Synclines • Monoclines • Basins • Domes

  5. Anticlines

  6. Anticline- oldest rock formation in the middle.

  7. Syncline- youngest rock formation in the middle.

  8. Syncline in Eastern Tennessee

  9. Fold Geometry Symmetrical Asymmetrical Overturned

  10. Plunge Measured from a horizontal line.

  11. Plunge - the inclination of the fold axis

  12. Fold Geometry

  13. Anticlines and Synclines

  14. Monocline

  15. Monocline Peru Monocline – caused by basement-block faulting

  16. Domes Oldest rock in center Basins Youngest rock in center

  17. Map view of structures Map Symbols

  18. Horizontal Strata

  19. Inclined Strata

  20. Dome

  21. Black Hills Dome

  22. Black Hills Geology

  23. Basin

  24. Plunging Anticlines And Synclines

  25. Sheep Mountain Anticline, Wyoming

  26. What causes folding and faulting Anticlines and synclines – compression Basins – subsidence, the sinking of the ground due to crustal thinning. Monoclines – basement block faulting Domes – intrusions Normal Faults – tension Reverse Faults – compression Strike-Slip Faults – shear stress

  27. Mich. Basin Wisconsin Arch Forest City Basin Kankakee Arch Mississippi Rvr. Arch Cincinnati Arch Illinois Basin Ozark Dome Nashville Dome

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