Utah in the 1 st Half of the 20 th Century: 1900-1945

1. Utah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945 World War II & Nuclear Testing The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for bad

2. “Utah Man” Readings • What was the “Utah Man”? • How did this individual Utahan impact World War II? • Colonel Walter T. Stewart- Air Force pilot from Benjamin Utah • 1943 • Part of mission to take out Nazi oil refineries in Romania- (supplied 1/3rd of all Nazi oil) • Stewart's plane, named "Utah Man," came back with 365 holes in it.

3. World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for bad

4. World War II Basics 101 • What years was it? From 1939 to 1945 America involved as of 1941

5. World War II Basics 101

7. World War II Basics 101 Nazi Youth Movement Sophie Scholl

8. Positive Negative Who made a difference?

9. World War II Basics 101 Blitzkrieg

10. Positive Negative Who made a difference?

11. World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for bad

12. World War II Basics 101 Charles De Gaulle

13. Resistance Movements & American Resistance before entering the war Utahans housed British evacuees

14. Positive Negative Who made a difference?

15. World War II Basics 101

19. Positive Negative Who made a difference?

20. World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for bad

21. U.S Enters WWII • Read pages 237-246 in the Utah History textbook (including the textboxes and side margins) when finished answer the following questions in your handout: • 1. What countries were the major Axis Powers? What countries were the Allied Powers? • 2. What happened at Pearl Harbor? • 3. List three reasons why Utah was in such a good position to help the war effort? • 4. Explain how rationing worked? • 5. What kinds of items were in short supply during the war? • 6. List some ways in which women helped the war effort?

22. Pop Quiz! • Get out a blank sheet of paper • Name, date, period • Number 1-5 • TRUE OR FALSE • Germany, Great Britain, & China made up the Axis powers. • During World War II, 1000s of Utahns left their homes & fought in the armed forces around the world. • World War II started with Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. • “The Utah Man” was a heroic pilot who died in World War II. • Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing food & supplies & planting victory gardens.

23. Answers • Switch paper with neighbor • Get out red pen • Answers: • Germany, Great Britain, & China made up the Axis powers. • FALSE: Germany, Italy, & Japan made up the Axis powers • During World War II, 1000s of Utahns left their homes & fought in the armed forces around the world. • TRUE (Letter A of ABC’s) • World War II started with Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. • TRUE (Pearl Harbor did NOT start the war) • “The Utah Man” was a heroic pilot who died in World War II. • FALSE: “The Utah Man” was a plane flown by Colonel Walter Stewart that helped take out Nazi oil refineries during World War II. • Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing food & supplies & planting victory gardens. • TRUE (Letter D of ABC’s) • Put total correct our of 5 & pass up.

24. World War II Basics 101 What years was it? From 1939 to 1945 What countries were the Axis powers? Germany, Italy, & Japan What countries were the Allied powers? Great Britain, United States, China & Soviet Union (USSR) How did the war start? Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939 How did the United States get involved in World War II? Attack of Pearl Harbor December 1941

25. World War II Basics 101

26. World War II Basics 101 French Empire circa 1900

27. African Nazi Resistance • Resistance movements occurred in Nazi occupied Africa by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. Resistance movements are sometimes also referred to as "the underground“. In Africa much of the resistance was connected to anti-colonialism.

28. World War II Basics 101

29. World War II Basics 101

30. World War II Basics 101 Why was this battle so important? The failure of the German Army was nothing short of a disaster. A complete army group was lost at Stalingrad and 91,000 Germans were taken prisoner. With such a massive loss of manpower and equipment, the Germans simply did not have enough manpower to cope with the Russian advance to Germany when it came. Despite resistance in parts – such as a Kursk – they were in retreat on the Eastern Front from February 1943 on. In his fury, Hitler ordered a day’s national mourning in Germany, not for the men lost at the battle, but for the shame von Paulus had brought on the Wehrmacht and Germany. Paulus was also stripped of his rank to emphasise Hitler’s anger with him. Hitler commented: “The God of War has gone over to the other side”

31. Who made a difference? Positive Negative

32. World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for bad

33. World War II Basics 101

34. World War II Basics 101

35. World War II Basics 101 Utah Man

36. World War II Basics 101

37. Utah’s Candy Bomber

38. World War II Basics 101 Fire bombing of Japan 1945 Consideration for Land Invasion of Japan JCS estimates: less than 50 days: 400-500 dead. 90 days1,200,000 casualties, Assumed wide spread Civilian Response: 5-10 million Japanese fatalities. 90,000–166,000 killed in Hiroshima[60,000–80,000 killed in NagasakiTotal: 150,000–246,000+ killed

39. V-J Day (Victory in Japan) At home in Utah

41. Who made a difference? Positive Negative

42. Utah During World War II • Do you know your ABC’s? • Armed Forces- 1000s of Utahans left their homes & fought in armed forces around the world • Boot Camps & Bases- Utah was an ideal place for military training • Courageous Women in the Workforce- “Rosie the Riveters” helped war production • Daily Rationing & Gardening- Utahans sacrificed food & supplies & planted victory gardens to help support the war

43. Readings

44. Holocaust • Definition: Systematic, intentional persecution & genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews by the Nazi regime & its collaborators during World War II. • Why did this happen? • Hitler & Nazis blamed Jews for Germany loosing in World War I • They believed that Jews were “less human” than others • Told others that Jews were a racial threat • Why does it matter? • Loss of millions of people • Learn the dangers of hatred, prejudice, ideas of superiority • Amazing examples of kindness & sacrifice • Some Holocaust survivors in Utah today

45. Navajo Code Talkers • Who: 400-500 Native Americans who served in the United States Marine Corps • What: transmitted secret communications on the battlefields of WWII • Importance: code never broken • Navajo Code Talker from Utah- Samuel Holiday

46. Break the Code To develop their Type One Code, the original 29 Navajo Code Talkers first came up with a Navajo word for each letter of the English alphabet. Since they had to memorize all the words, they used things that were familiar to them, such as kinds of animals. “So we start talking about different things, animals, sea creatures, birds, eagles, hawks, and all those domestic animals. Why don’t we use those names of different animals—from A to Z. So A, we took a red ant that we live with all the time. B we took a bear, Yogi the Bear, C a Cat, D a Dog, E an Elk, F, Fox, G, a goat and so on down the line.—“ Chester Nez, Navajo Code Talker, National Museum of the American Indian interview, 2004 Here are some of the words they use: See if you can translate the following coded message: MOASI NE-AHS-JAH LHA-CHA-EH DZEH GAH DZEH MOASI DZEH TKIN A-KEH-DI-GLINI DZEH LHA-CHA-EH

47. D-Day • What: Massive invasion of Allied powers on beaches of Northern France (Normandy) to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi control • When: June 6th 1944 • Who: 156,000 American, British, & Canadian forces • Importance: one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history • Code name for one of the five landing sites: Utah Beach

48. V-E Day & V-J Day • V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day • May 8th 1945 • End of War in Europe • Utahns & all Americans celebrate, many come home! • V-J Day: Victory in Japan Day • August 15th 1945 • After dropping of 2 atomic bombs on Japan • End of War in Pacific • THE WAR IS OFFICIALLY OVER!

49. Internment Camps • Relocation and internment by the United States government in 1942 of about 110,000 Japanese Americans & Japanese who lived along the Pacific coast. • Of those who were interned, 62% were American citizens. • Topaz Relocation Center in Utah, one of 10 locations in U.S. • Impact on Utah: Many men & women worked at Topaz. Thousands of people relocated there for the war.

50. WWII deaths (check out the key)