Baroque

1. Baroque • 1600-1750. • Catholic church no longer as powerful, many had become Protestant. • Discoveries of Galileo and Isaac Newton.. • More realistic pictures of times and events. • Dramatic and emotional artworks were created to inspire people to believe in the Catholic church. • Netherlands become an important center for art (a Protestant society). • Protestants didn’t believe churches should be decorated. • Ordinary citizens began to decorate homes and businesses with art. • Artists painted for open market instead of individual patrons. • Still life's and landscape become popular • Genre paintings- simple scenes of everyday life became popular • Compositions are usually formal, set with sense of movement and emotion • Strong contrasts of light and dark • Rococo style developed in France (fancy and frilly style early 1700’s, prefered light colors and flowing brush strokes)

2. Rembrandt van RijnPortrait of a Young Woman Artist: • Dutch, considered to be the greatest painters of all time. • Strong contrast of light and dark with realistic treatment of light and shadow. • Didn’t specialize in one type of painting. • Suffered financial trouble and personal grief, which is reflected in his work. Painting: • Face is pulled forward from dark background. • Details on dress give her form. • Light and shadow create detail and texture. • Soft light on face.

3. Abraham van BeyerenA Roemer with Grapes, a Pewter Plate and a Roll ARTIST: -Dutch -Son of a glass maker. -Recognized today as one of the great still life painters of the Netherlands. -Enjoyed little success in lifetime. Moved often to avoid bill collectors. -1st painting were of fish because he learned painting from his brother in brother-in-law who specialized in fish paintings. -Known for elaborate banquet tables which showed his skill in showing the play of light on different textures -Painted more loosely than artists of his time. PAINTING: -Dutch had different names for still lifes this one is known as a “breakfast piece” -Triangular composition shows order and balance. -Dutch liked to decorate homes with reminders of fine food and dishes they could afford but also they expected moral messages. -Pocket watch=passage of time -Interrupted meal= life and riches are temporary -The food that was left=virtue and moderation -Different brush strokes -light source is the window seen reflected in the glass.

4. Guercino Personification of Astrology ARTIST: -Real name is Giovanni Francesco Babieri -Given the name Guercino Meaning squinter because of the injury to his eye. -Self taught -Turned down invitations from the royal court but carried on a successful international mail order business selling his works. PAINTING: -Not a self portrait and not meant to represent a real word image -Shows a woman to represent the idea of astrology -Allegorical painting -Astrology considered a science in the 1600’s thought by studying it they could predict the future -Woman holds an armillary sphere, a tool to study objects and movement in the heavens -Hands and gaze draw attention to the instrument suggesting the purpose of the picture.

5. Salomon van Ruysdael River Landscape with a Church in the Distance ARTIST: -Dutch -Leading member of a family of landscape artists who showed paintings of their countryside -Specialized in river paintings focusing on light and atmosphere Painting: - The Netherlands is low, flatland, 1/3 is below sea level • Horizon looks low and straight and divides painting in two parts. • Sky takes up 2/3 of image • Used several technique to create depth • foreground shows detail and color while losing it in the distance • Size change • A diagonal line leads our eye in the distance • The land and trees form a wedge shape that leads our eyes through the sun

6. Luce Giordano Saint John the Baptist in the Wilderness Artist: -Born in Naples, Italy but traveled wildly -Spent 10 years painting for the Spanish King -Famous for his speed and the large number of painting he created. -Highly unexpected and wealthy. Painting: -Of John the Baptist who lived in the wilderness preaching. Baptized people in the river Jordan and recognized Jesus as the Messiah -Often shown with a rough Cross-shows connection to Jesus -Water he is catching is reference to his baptism and of Jesus

7. Francisco de ZurbaranThe Immaculate Conception Artist: • Most of his works are religious subjects. The Immaculate Conception was a popular theme for artists in catholic countries. It was a particular favorite for Zurbaran. • His first known work and his last dated one were both Immaculate Conceptions, and he painted many others. Painting: • Customary ways for 17th century artists to show this subject in their works. • “clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars.” • Stars in her halo, crescent moon. • Golden light suggesting sunlight • Tower is a biblical reference • Ship seen through the globe is a reminder of her status as protector Spanish navy. • Great realism • Face isn’t idolized it is a real woman, probably artist daughter

8. Hyacinthe Riguad A French Magistrate of Requests ARTIST • -French. • -Received commissions for portraits of the French royal families. • -Court painter to Frances King Louis . • -Painted six kings and others. • -Assistants painted large parts of his paintings. • -skilled at showing individual personality. • -Admired Rembrandt’s work and owned several. PAINTING • Similar to the portrait of Albizzi both are intended to show social position . • Magistrate of requests justified the legality of petitions made to the supreme court. • Wearing official wig and black and white clothing . • Sheen of light reflecting from rope creates richness. • Book=suggests the seriousness of his work. • white cuffs and collar add life and sense of movement. • Line of collar leads up to his face.

9. Jean-Baptiste PaterA Pastoral Concert Artist: -studied with father who was a sculptor -French Rococo artist -Earned admittance to the French academy of painters -Fredrick the Great owned over 40 of his paintings -More than 600 “fete galante”/Courtship paintings survive. -Also known for paintings of people swimming or bathing and images of military life. PAINTING: -Rococo style=curving lines, light colors and playful mood. Usually wealthy people at play . -Genre scene no larger than note book paper -Shows traditional courtship party or fete galante -Since the musician is at the right of the scene it means this is the first time they met -Almost all lines in the paintings are curved creating a light hearted mood. -Colors are typical Rococo colors. -Light feathery brush strokes. -Perspective=warm colors up front cool in back. -Colors fade in distance and detail.

10. Jean-Baptiste Pater Simeon ChardinStill Life with Leg of Lamb Artist: -Painted everyday household objects and gentle scenes of servant and middle class. -French Academy accepted him, but wouldn’t let him serve as an officer because his work was a lower type ofpainting -King Louis XV gave him residence and an allowance, letting him paint whatever he wanted. -Considered on of the greatest French still life painters. -Interested in color, form, and composition Painting: - Composition seems casual • Arranged on horizontal of table and vertical from the leg of lamb • Cool colors of lock and cabbage add contrast and variety • Reflections of light add life and variety • Strong contrast between light and dark areas give a sense of drama and importance to the humble objects.

11. Giovanni Paolo Panini Fantasy view with the Pantheon and other Monuments of Ancient Rome Artist: -Italian • Worked as a stage designer and painter of architectural decoration • Famous for view paintings of Rome • Works were like postcards to Visitors Painting: - Shows buildings and status of Rome all together. not where they are really located : Pantheon, Statue of Hercules, obelisk, mounted statue of Marcus Aureluis , and the Trojan Column -People are wearing clothes of ancient Rome, but act like tourist. -Lighting and shadows show it is morning -Obelisk and column frame scene -Rhythm of columns show order and permanence

12. Pietro LonghiThe Game of the Cooking Pot • Artist: • Italian • -Studied drawing and modeling in father's workshop • Founding father of Venetian Academy • Best know for small scenes of everyday Venetian life • Mostly peasant and middle class , but some times the wealthy aristocracy who were also patrons • Painting • -Set in a format he often used like stage with a dark wall as the backdrop. • No one is looking at the viewer, they are concentrating on the game or each other • Soft lighting left giving a stage light effect • Like watching a play or accidental glimpse of private life • Girl in the white dress with emphasis. Everything is arranged around her • Contrast of the light dress with everything else • Warm Tones contrast with cooler ones